Agricultural Engineering Exam > Agricultural Engineering Notes > Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg > Introduction - Plane Table Surveying, Surveying and Levelling
Introduction - Plane Table Surveying, Surveying and Levelling | Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg - Agricultural Engineering PDF Download
Plane Table Surveying
Plane table surveying is a graphical method of surveying in which the field works and the plotting is done simultaneously. It is particularly adopting in small areas mapping. Plane table surveying is used for locating the field computation of area of field.
Merits
- It is most suitable for preparing small scale map or surveying small area.
- It is most rapid method.
- Field book is not necessary.
- No great skill is required for satisfactory map.
- It is particularly suitable for magnetic area where prismatic compass is not reliable.
- Contour and irregular object may be represented accurately.
- It is less costly.
Demerits
- Plane Table Essentially a tropical instruments.
- It is not suitable to work in wet climate.
- There are several accessories to be carried out and therefore they are likely to be lost.
- It is not suitable for accurate work.
Plane Table essentially consists of a Drawing board mounted on tripod stand and Alidade.
1. Drawing board mounted on tripod: A sheet of drawing paper, called plane table sheet is fastened to the board. Board is made up of well seasoned wood such as teak of size 40x30 to 75x60cm. it had plane and smooth top. It is mounted on a tripod in manner that it can be leveled. Leveling up of the table is done by shifting the legs of tripod. Some tripod provided with leveling screw or by ball and socket head for accurate leveling.
2. Alidade: Alidade consists of two vertical sight vane fitted at end the end of straightedge. The straight edge ruler usually made of brass or teak wood graduated beloved edge. One of the sight veins is provided with narrow slit and the other with a central vertical wire or hair. Beveled working edge alidade is called fiducial edge.
Fig. 6.1 Plane table with Alidade
Accessories used in Plane Table surveying are
- Trough compass
- U – frame or plumbing fork
- Water proof cover.
- Spirit level or level tube
- Drawing sheet
- Pencil or eraser
Fig. 6.2 Accessories in Plane Table surveying
- Trough compass: The compass is used to mark the direction of the meridian on the paper.
- U- frame or Plumbing fork: U frame with a plumb bob used for centering the table.
- Water Proof Cover: Water Proof cover protects the sheet from rain.
- Spirit level or level tube: A level tube is used to level the plane table.
- Drawing sheet: The drawing sheet is fixed on the top of the drawing board.
- Pencil and eraser: A pencil is used for constructing lines and eraser is used for erasing lines after completion of the plan.
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FAQs on Introduction - Plane Table Surveying, Surveying and Levelling - Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg - Agricultural Engineering
| 1. What is plane table surveying? |  |
Ans. Plane table surveying is a method of surveying that involves the use of a plane table, which is a flat surface mounted on a tripod. The surveyor places the plane table at the survey location and takes measurements and observations directly on the table. This method is commonly used for small-scale surveying projects.
| 2. What are the advantages of plane table surveying? | |
Ans. Plane table surveying offers several advantages, including:
- Simplicity: The method is relatively simple and easy to understand, making it suitable for beginners or those with limited surveying experience.
- Direct measurements: With plane table surveying, measurements are taken directly on the table, eliminating the need for complex calculations or additional instruments.
- Real-time adjustments: The surveyor can make immediate adjustments and corrections on the table while conducting the survey, leading to increased accuracy.
- Cost-effective: Plane table surveying requires minimal equipment, making it a cost-effective option for small-scale projects.
- Visual representation: The surveyor can create a visual representation of the survey area directly on the table, which can be useful for analysis and planning.
| 3. What is surveying and leveling in agricultural engineering? | |
Ans. Surveying and leveling in agricultural engineering is a branch of engineering that involves the measurement and mapping of land for agricultural purposes. It includes techniques such as plane table surveying, leveling, contouring, and mapping. These methods are used to determine the topography of the land, assess soil fertility, plan irrigation systems, and design farm layouts.
| 4. How is plane table surveying used in agricultural engineering? | |
Ans. Plane table surveying is commonly used in agricultural engineering for various purposes, such as:
- Farm layout planning: Plane table surveying helps in determining the boundaries, dimensions, and layout of a farm. This information is crucial for efficient land use and farm management.
- Irrigation system design: By conducting a plane table survey, engineers can identify the natural slopes and contours of the land, which helps in designing effective irrigation systems. This ensures proper water distribution and minimizes water wastage.
- Soil fertility assessment: Plane table surveying can be used to identify variations in soil fertility across a farm. By mapping these variations, agricultural engineers can determine the most suitable crops to be grown in different areas and implement targeted soil management practices.
- Land leveling: Plane table surveying is also useful for land leveling, which is essential for creating a uniform and even surface for agricultural activities. It helps in preventing water stagnation and improving crop growth.
| 5. What are the challenges in plane table surveying for agricultural engineering? | |
Ans. Plane table surveying in agricultural engineering may face some challenges, including:
- Weather conditions: Adverse weather conditions such as rain, wind, or extreme temperatures can affect the accuracy of measurements and observations taken on the plane table.
- Uneven terrain: Agricultural land often has uneven terrain, which can make it challenging to set up the plane table and ensure its stability during the survey.
- Vegetation obstruction: Dense vegetation can obstruct the view and make it difficult to take accurate measurements on the plane table. Clearing vegetation or choosing alternative survey methods may be necessary in such cases.
- Time-consuming: Plane table surveying can be a time-consuming process, especially for larger agricultural areas. Surveyors may need to spend significant time and effort in taking measurements and observations on the table.
- Limited scale: Plane table surveying is best suited for small-scale projects. For larger agricultural engineering projects, more advanced surveying methods, such as GPS or aerial surveys, may be required.
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