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Classification of Curves - Introduction to setting of curves, Surveying and Levelling | Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg - Agricultural Engineering PDF Download

CLASSIFICATION  OF  CURVES

Most types of transportation routes, such as highways, railroads, and pipelines, are connected by curves in both horizontal and vertical planes.

Horizontal Curves: Curves used in horizontal planes to connect two straight tangent sections.

Two types of horizontal cures:

 Circular arcs, and

Spirals

Simple Curve: A circular arc connecting two tangents.

Compound Curve: Two or more circular arcs of different radii tangent to each other.

Broken-back Curve: Combination of a short length of tangent connecting two circular arcs that have centers on the same side.

Reverse Curve: Two circular arcs tangent to each other, with their centers on opposite side of the alignment.

Circular curves are further classified as :

Classification of Curves - Introduction to setting of curves, Surveying and Levelling | Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg - Agricultural Engineering  View Answer
  1. Simple  Curves.

  2. Compound Curves.

  3. Serpentine Curves.

  4.    Deviation Curves.

1. Simple Curve:

A simple curve Consists of a single arc of  circle connecting two straights. It has radius of the same magnitude throughout.

2. Compound Curves.

A compound Curve consists of  two or more simple curves having different radii bending in the same direction and lying  on the same side of the common tangent. Their centres lie on the same side of the curve.

3. Reverse or serpentine curve

A reverse or serpentine curve is made up of  two arcs  having equal  or different radii bending in opposite direction with a common tangent at their junction . Their centres lie on opposite sides of the curve. Reverse curves are used when the straights are parallel or intersect at a very small angle.

4. Deviation curve

A deviation curve is simply a combination of two reverse curves. it is used when it becomes necessary to deviate from a given straight path in order to avoid  intervening obstructions such as bend of river, a building , etc.

They should be avoided as far as possible on main lines and highways where speeds are necessarily high.

The document Classification of Curves - Introduction to setting of curves, Surveying and Levelling | Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg - Agricultural Engineering is a part of the Agricultural Engineering Course Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg.
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FAQs on Classification of Curves - Introduction to setting of curves, Surveying and Levelling - Surveying and Levelling Notes- Agricultural Engg - Agricultural Engineering

1. What is the purpose of setting curves in surveying and leveling?
Ans. The purpose of setting curves in surveying and leveling is to establish smooth and gradual transitions in the alignment of a road or railway track. Curves are used to avoid abrupt changes in direction and to ensure a safe and efficient movement of vehicles or trains.
2. What are the different types of curves used in surveying and leveling?
Ans. In surveying and leveling, the commonly used types of curves are circular curves, compound curves, and reverse curves. Circular curves are sections of a circle and are used to create smooth transitions between straight sections. Compound curves involve a combination of two or more circular curves with different radii. Reverse curves are two circular curves with different radii that are connected in opposite directions.
3. How are circular curves defined in surveying and leveling?
Ans. Circular curves in surveying and leveling are defined by their radius, which is the distance from the center of the curve to the centerline of the road or railway track. The radius determines the sharpness or flatness of the curve, with larger radii resulting in gentler curves and smaller radii creating sharper curves. Circular curves are usually specified by their radius, degree of curve, or chord length.
4. What is the method used to set circular curves in surveying and leveling?
Ans. The method used to set circular curves in surveying and leveling is called the deflection angle method. This involves determining the deflection angle, which is the angle by which the tangent to the curve deviates from the tangent to the straight section. The deflection angle is calculated based on the desired radius and the length of the curve, and it is used to set the curve by measuring and marking the appropriate angles and distances on the ground.
5. How are compound curves different from circular curves in surveying and leveling?
Ans. Compound curves differ from circular curves in surveying and leveling in that they involve a combination of two or more circular curves with different radii. While circular curves have a constant radius throughout their length, compound curves transition from one radius to another. This allows for more flexibility in designing curves that can accommodate different topographic conditions or alignment requirements. The transitions between the different radii are carefully calculated to ensure a smooth and continuous alignment.
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