NEET Exam  >  NEET Notes  >  NCERT Exemplar & Revision Notes for NEET  >  Revision Notes: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

AMINES
Structure of amines: Trigonal Pyramidal
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

Basicity of Amines
a) Aliphatic Amine:
Basic Strength:  NH3 < RNH2 < R2NH < R3N,
b) Aromatic Amine:  
Basic Strength:  NH3 > Ar- NH2 > Ar2- NH2
Benzene ring decreases the electron density over N atom due to resonance effect.
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

Preparation of Amines
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

Chemical Reactions
a)   Acylation:
RNH2 + R'COCl→ R'CO NHR an N-substituted amide
R2NH + R'COCl → R'CO.NR2 an N,N disubstituted amide
b)  Benzoylation (Schotten Baumann Reaction)
Primary amine reacts with benzoyl chloride to give the acylated product
c) Carbylamine Reaction (Given Only by Primary Amines):
C2H5NH+ CHCl3 + 3KOH → C2H5NC + 3KCl + 3H2O
C6H5 NH2 + CHCl+ 3KOH → C6H5NC + 3KCl + 3H2O
d)  Action with Aldehyde and Ketone:
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
f) Reaction with Carbonyl Chloride: C2H5 – NH2 + COCl2 → C2H5NCO + 2HCl
g) Hofmann Elimination: When a quaternary ammonium hydroxide is heated strongly (125° or higher) it decomposes to yield water, a tertiary amine and an alkene
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
h) The diazonium salts of amines:
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
i) Reaction of Tertiary amines with Nitrous acid:When a tertiary aliphatic amine is mixed with nitrous acid, an equilibrium is established among the tertiary amine, its salt, and an N-Nitrosoammonium compound.
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
j) Coupling Reactions of Arene Diazonium Salts:
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
k) Ring Substitution in Aromatic Amines:
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
l) Aniline -X rearrangement:
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
Such compounds are not much stable so the group X migrates mainly at p-position.

1. Fisher-Hepp rearrangement
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
2. Phenylhydroxylamine - p-aminophenol rearrangement.
Separation of a Mixture of Amines:
a) Hinsberg’s Method
Primary amine: RNH2 + C6H5SO2Cl ¾→ C6H5– SO2 – NH – R + HCl
C6H5– SO2 – NH – R : N-alkyl benzene sulfonamides
Dissolves in NaOH due to acidic H-attached to Nitrogen)                                                
Secondary amine
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
Tertiary amine : Tertiary amines do not react with Hinsberg’s reagent.
b) Hofmann’s Method:
The mixture of amines is treated with diethyloxalate, which forms a solid oxamide with primary amine, a liquid oxime ester with secondary amine. The tertiary amine does not react.
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

Test for Amines
Primary amine is treated with a strong base in presence in chloroform, an isocyanide is formed and this isocyanide thus formed has a very foul smell.
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry
Secondary amine is converted into nitrosoamine by treating the amine with nitrous acid. The resultant solutions warmed with phenol and concentrated H2SO4, a brown or red colour is formed at first soon it changes to blue and then to green. The colour changes to red on dilution and further changes to greenish blue on treating with alkali.
Tertiary arylamines react with nitrous acid to form o-nitroso aromatic compound.

The document Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry is a part of the NEET Course NCERT Exemplar & Revision Notes for NEET.
All you need of NEET at this link: NEET
182 docs

Top Courses for NEET

FAQs on Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

1. What are organic compounds containing nitrogen?
Ans. Organic compounds containing nitrogen are a class of chemical compounds that contain nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms. These compounds play a crucial role in various biological processes and are found in various organic substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, and amino acids.
2. What are the main types of organic compounds containing nitrogen?
Ans. The main types of organic compounds containing nitrogen include amines, amides, nitriles, and nitro compounds. Amines are compounds where nitrogen is directly bonded to carbon, amides have a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group, nitriles have a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen, and nitro compounds have a nitrogen atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.
3. How are organic compounds containing nitrogen important in biological systems?
Ans. Organic compounds containing nitrogen are vital in biological systems. For example, proteins, which are essential for various biological processes, are made up of amino acids that contain nitrogen. Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, also contain nitrogenous bases. Additionally, nitrogen is a key component of many essential biomolecules, such as vitamins and hormones.
4. What are some common sources of organic compounds containing nitrogen?
Ans. Common sources of organic compounds containing nitrogen include plants, animals, and various industrial processes. In nature, nitrogen-containing compounds can be found in proteins from meat, fish, and legumes. Fertilizers used in agriculture also contain nitrogen compounds. Industrial processes such as the production of pharmaceuticals and dyes also involve the synthesis of organic compounds containing nitrogen.
5. How are organic compounds containing nitrogen analyzed and identified?
Ans. Organic compounds containing nitrogen can be analyzed and identified using various techniques. Common methods include spectroscopy techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These techniques help determine the presence of functional groups containing nitrogen in a compound. Additionally, mass spectrometry can be used to determine the molecular weight and structure of nitrogen-containing compounds.
182 docs
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for NEET exam

Top Courses for NEET

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

shortcuts and tricks

,

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

,

ppt

,

practice quizzes

,

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

,

Objective type Questions

,

MCQs

,

study material

,

video lectures

,

Sample Paper

,

Viva Questions

,

Summary

,

pdf

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

Important questions

,

past year papers

,

Semester Notes

,

Free

,

Exam

,

mock tests for examination

,

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen Class 11 Notes Chemistry

,

Extra Questions

;