Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur: Sources of Energy, Solutions- 2 | Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur Solutions: Class 10 Science PDF Download

Page No:130

Question 1: Name the product of petroleum that is used to drive heavy vehicles.

Solution : Diesel.

Question 2: Give one example of a good domestic fuel.

Solution : LPG.

Question 3: Name any one hydrocarbon fraction obtained during the fractional distillation of petroleum which is used as a domestic fuel.

Solution : Kerosene.

Question 4: What are the various fuels which are used to generate electricity in a thermal power plant ?

Solution : Coal, oil or gas.

Question 5: Name any four fractions obtained from petroleum which are used as fuels.

Solution : Fractions obtained from petroleum:
Diesel, petrol, kerosene, petroleum gas etc.

Page No:131

Question 6: What is the composition of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ?

Solution : LPG consists mainly of butane, alongwith smaller amounts of propane and ethane.

Question 7: Which gaseous fuel is being used increasingly in transport vehicles like cars and buses these days ?

Solution : Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

Question 8: Write the full form of : (I) LPG, and (ii) CNG.

Solution : (i) LPG-Liquified Petroleum Gas.
(ii) CNG-Compressed Natural Gas.

Question 9: What is the main constituent of :
 (i) petroleum gas ?
 (ii) natural gas ?

Solution : (i) Main constituent of petroleum gas is butane.
(ii) Main constituent of natural gas is methane.

Question 10: Name the component which is found in natural gas as well as in biogas.

Solution : Methane.

Question 11: State two important uses of natural gas.

Solution : Uses of natural gas:
(i) As a fuel in thermal power plants.
(ii) As a fuel in transport vehicles.

Question 12: State one important use of CNG these days.

Solution : CNG is used as a fuel in transport vehicles.

Question 13: Complete the following sentence :
 Domestic gas cylinders like Indane contain mainly………..

Solution : butane.

Question 14: Explain why, natural gas is considered to be a good fuel.

Solution : Natural gas is considered to be a good fuel because it has a high calorific value, burns with a smokeless flame, causes no air pollution and does not produce any poisonous gas.

Question 15: What is meant by conventional sources of energy ? Write the names of two conventional sources of energy.

Solution : The traditional sources of energy which are familiar to most people are called conventional source of energy.
Ex. Wood, coal etc.

Question 16: Explain the principle of working of a thermal power plant. Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate your answer.

Solution : In a thermal power plant, heat produced by burning coal is used to boil water to form steam. The steam, at high temperature and pressure, rotates the turbine and its shaft, which drives the generator to produce electricity.

Question 17: What are the disadvantages of burning fossil fuels ?

Solution : Disadvantages of burning the fossil fuels are:
(i) The burning of fossil fuels produce acidic gases.
(ii) The burning of fossil fuels produce large amount of CO2 gas, which increases greenhouse effect.
(iii) The burning of fossil fuels produce smoke and leaves behind a lot of ash.

Question 18: Write a short note on the pollution caused by burning fossil fuels.

Solution : Burning of fossil fuels leads to the production of many acidic gases like sulphur-dioxide and nitrogen dioxides. These gases causes acid rain which damages trees, plants and buildings, reduces fertility of soil, and poses danger to aquatic life. The burning of fossil fuels puts a poisonous gas carbon monoxide in air. It also produces large amount of CO₂ gas which damages the environment in the long run by increasing the greenhouse effect. Also, burning of fossil fuels produces smoke and a lot of ash.

Question 19: What are the various steps which can be taken to control (or reduce) pollution caused by burning fossil fuels ?

Solution : Pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels can be controlled by the increasing the efficiency of combustion process and by using various techniques to reduce the escape of harmful gases and ash into the surrounding air.

Question 20: If you could use any source of energy for heating your food, which one would you use and why ?

Solution : We will use LPG due to its high calorific value and smokeless flame.

Question 21: Why is LPG considered a good fuel ?

Solution : LPG is considered as good fuel because it has a high calorific value gives a smokeless flame.

Question 22: Why is LPG considered a better fuel than coal ?

Solution : LPG is considered as a better fuel than coal because it has a higher calorific value, while burning it does not produce any smoke.

Question 23: Why is the leakage of LPG detected easily although it is odourless ? State the steps to be taken in case its leakage is detected in the kitchen.

Solution : For the detection of leakage, a foul smelling substance called ethyl mercaptan is added to the LPG.
In case of LPG leakage in the kitchen, following steps must be taken:
1. The door and windows should be opened at once to allow the gas to escape.
2. The source of gas leakage should be checked and then set right with the help of a gas mechanic.

Question 24: (a) What are fossil fuels ? Give three examples of fossil fuels.
 (b) Describe how fossil fuels were formed.
 (c) Explain how, sun is considered to be the ultimate source of fossil fuels.
 (d) Which fossil fuels were formed by the buried remains of small plants and animals ?
 (e) Which fossil fuel was formed by the buried remains of large land plants ?

Solution : (a) Natural fuels formed deep under the earth from the pre-historic remains of the organisms (like plants and animals) are called fossil fuels.
Ex. Coal, petroleum and natural gas.
(b) The plants and animals which died millions of years ago and got buried deep in the earth, away from the reach of oxygen, got converted into fossil fuels due to the chemical effects of pressure, heat and bacteria.
(c) Sun is considered to be the ultimate source of fossil fuels because it was the sunlight of long ago that made plants grow and the animals which got buried in the earth also ate plants. So, plants and animals which were originally made by sun’s energy only have been converted into fossil fuels.
(d) Petroleum and natural gas.
(e) Coal.

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Question 37: Fossil fuels are energy rich compounds of an element X which were originally made by the plants with the help of sun’s energy.
 (a) Name the element X.
 (b) Name another element which is usually found in combination with X in fossil fuels.

Solution : (a) X = Carbon
(b) Another element which is usually found in combination with carbon in fossil fuels is hydrogen.

Question 38: The energy in petrol originally came from the sun. Explain how it got into petrol.

Solution : Petrol is obtained from petroleum, which is a fossil fuel. Fossil fuels were originally made by sun’s energy because it was the sunlight of long ago that made plants and animals grow. So, the energy in petrol originally came from the sun.

Question 39: A substance X is added to LPG cylinders while filling so as to make the detection of leakage of LPG from the cylinders easy.
 (a) Name the substance X.
 (b) How does substance X make the detection of leakage of LPG easy ?

Solution : (a) X is ethyl mercaptan
(b) Ethyl mercaptan has a foul smell that can be detected easily.

Question 40: The pollution of air caused by burning petroleum fuels (like petrol and diesel) in vehicles can be controlled by fitting a device X in the exhaust system of vehicles.
 (a) Name the device X.
 (b) How does this device help in controlling air pollution ?

Solution : (a) Catalytic converter
(b) It converts poisonous carbon monoxide into non-poisonous carbon dioxide and harmful nitrogen oxides into harmless nitrogen gas.

Page No:140

Question 1: A hydro-power plant converts one form of energy into another. Name the two forms of energy.

Solution : Potential energy into electrical energy.

Question 2: What type of energy is possessed by flowing water ?

Solution : Kinetic energy.

Question 3: Flowing water can rotate a turbine. Which type of energy is used up by the turbine ?

Solution : Kinetic energy of water.

Question 4: Name the original source of wind energy.

Solution : Sun.

Question 5: What should be the minimum wind speed for the satisfactory working of a wind-powered electric generator ?

Solution : 15 km/hr.

Question 6: Write one use of wind energy (a) in the past (b) at present.

Solution : Use of wind energy
(a) in the past – in flour mills
(b) at present – for generating the electricity through wind-powered generators.

Question 7: Why is the copper tube of a solar water heater painted black from outside ?

Solution : Copper tube of solar water heater is painted black because black colour is good absorber of heat.

Question 8: What type of reactions occurring inside the sun produce solar energy ?

Solution : Nuclear fusion.

Question 9: Name some of the solar energy devices.

Solution : Solar water heater.
Solar cooker.
Solar cell.

Question 10: What type of reflector is used in a box-type solar cooker ?

Solution : Plane mirror reflector.

Question 11: What is the range of temperature which can be achieved in a box-type solar cooker in two to three hours ?

Solution : About 100⁰C to 140⁰C

Question 12: Name the device which converts sunlight into electricity.

Solution : Solar cell.

Question 13: How much solar energy will be received by 1 m² area in one hour if the solar constant be 1.4 kW/m² ?

Solution : Solar constant is 1.4kW/m² or 1.4 kJ/s/m².
Solar energy received by 1 m² area in 1 s = 1.4 kJ
Solar energy received by 1 m² area in one hour (or 3600 s) = 1.4 x 3600 = 5040 kJ

Question 14: Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :
 A solar cell converts………. energy into…………. energy.

Solution : sunlight; electrical.

Question 15: (a) What is the difference between a thermal power plant and a hydro power plant ?
 (b) Which of the two causes serious air pollution and how ?

Solution : (a) Difference between thermal power plant and hydro power plant:
Thermal power plant uses non-renewable sources of energy like coal, oil or gas; whereas hydro power plant uses renewable source of energy i.e. water.
Thermal power plant causes pollution due to the burning of fossil fuels; whereas hydro power plant is environment friendly.
(b) Thermal power plant causes serious air pollution because it emits harmful gases and fly-ash into the air.