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Bank Exams Exam  >  Bank Exams Notes  >  Reasoning Aptitude for Competitive Examinations  >  Questions with Answers: Classification

Questions with Answers: Classification | Reasoning Aptitude for Competitive Examinations - Bank Exams PDF Download

Directions for Questions 1 to 5: Choose the word which is least like other words in the group.
Q1. Choose the correct word.
1. Zebra
2. Lion
3. Tiger
4. Horse
5. Giraffe

Ans: (4)

Explanation: Zebra, Lion, Tiger and Giraffe are naturally wild animals that live in natural habitats without regular human care. A Horse, on the other hand, is commonly domesticated and kept by humans for riding, work or transport. Therefore Horse is the odd one out.


Q2. Choose the correct word.
1. Parrot
2. Bat
3. Crow
4. Sparrow
5. Pigeon

Ans: (2)

Explanation: Parrot, Crow, Sparrow and Pigeon all belong to the class Aves (they are birds). A Bat is a mammal, not a bird, so it is the odd one out.


Q3. Choose the correct word.
1. Copper
2. Zinc
3. Brass
4. Aluminium
5. Iron

Ans: (3)

Explanation: Copper, Zinc, Aluminium and Iron are elemental metals. Brass is an alloy (a mixture, typically of copper and zinc) rather than a pure metal element. Hence Brass is different from the rest.


Q4. Choose the correct word.
1. Apple
2. Marigold
3. Rose
4. Lily
5. Lotus

Ans: (1)

Explanation: Marigold, Rose, Lily and Lotus are all types of flowers. Apple is a fruit, so it does not belong to the same category as the others.


Q5. Choose the correct word.
1. January
2. May
3. July
4. August
5. November

Ans: (5)

Explanation: January, May, July and August each have 31 days. November has 30 days, so it differs from the others and is the odd one out.

Directions for Questions 6 to 9: Choose the odd pair of words.
Q6. Choose the odd pair.
1. Blacksmith : Anvil
2. Carpenter : Saw
3. Barber: Scissor
4. Goldsmith : Ornaments
5. Sculptor ; Chisel

Ans: (4)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 2, 3 and 5 the second word is a tool used by the person named first (a blacksmith uses an anvil, a carpenter a saw, a barber scissors, a sculptor a chisel). In pair 4 the second word is the product made by the goldsmith (ornaments), not a tool. Therefore pair 4 is different.

Q7. Choose the odd pair.
1. Painter : Gallery
2. Actor : Stage
3. Mason : Wall
4. farmer : Field
5. Worker : Factory

Ans: (3)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 2, 4 and 5 the second word denotes the typical place of work for the person named first (a painter works in/for galleries, an actor on a stage, a farmer in a field, a worker in a factory). In pair 3 the second word (wall) is the product created by the mason, not his workplace. Hence pair 3 is the odd one out.

Q8. Choose the odd pair.
1. Cow : Calf
2. Dog : Bitch
3. Lion : Cub
4. Tortoise : Turtle
5. Insect : Larva

Ans: (2)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 3 and 5 the second word is the young or juvenile form of the first (calf of a cow, cub of a lion, larva of an insect). In pair 4 tortoise and turtle are related species rather than parent/young. In pair 2, however, "bitch" means an adult female dog, not a young animal. Thus pair 2 is different because it denotes gender rather than age.

Q9. Choose the odd pair.
1. Volume : Litre
2. Time : Seconds
3. Length : Metre
4. Resistance : Ohm
5. Pressure : Barometer

Ans: (5)

Explanation: In pairs 1 to 4 the second word is the standard unit of measurement for the physical quantity named first (litre for volume, seconds for time, metre for length, ohm for resistance). In pair 5 the second word, barometer, is an instrument used to measure pressure, not the unit of pressure. Therefore pair 5 is the odd one.

Q10. Choose the odd pair.
1. White : Dirty
2. Easy : Difficult
3. Brave : Coward
4. End : Beginning

Ans: (1)

Explanation: Pairs 2, 3 and 4 are clear antonyms (easy-difficult, brave-coward, end-beginning). White and dirty are not direct opposites in the same way; white is a colour and dirty describes a state of cleanliness, so pair 1 does not form a strict antonym pair like the others.

Directions for Questions 11 to 15: In each of the following questions, five pairs of words are given, out of which the words is four pairs bear a certain common relationship. Choose the pairs in which the words are differently related.
Q11.  Choose the pairs in which the words are differently related.
1. Shoe : Leather
2. Iron : Axe
3. Table : Wood
4. Jewellery : Gold
5. Shirt : Fabric

Ans: (2)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 3, 4 and 5 the first item is a product made from the second (a shoe from leather, table from wood, jewellery from gold, shirt from fabric). In pair 2 the order is reversed: iron is the material and axe is the product made from it. Thus pair 2 differs in the relationship.

Q12.  Choose the pairs in which the words are differently related.
1. Mason : Wall
2. Cobbler : Shoe
3. Farmer : Crop
4. Chef : Cook
5. Choreographer : Ballet

Ans: (4)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 2, 3 and 5 the second item is something produced or created by the person named first (a mason builds a wall, a cobbler repairs/makes a shoe, a farmer produces a crop, a choreographer creates a ballet). In pair 4, however, "chef : cook" does not follow that same pattern: a chef is a person and to cook is an action (or a cook can be a person). The relationship is not the same type of producer-product relation, so pair 4 is different.

Q13.  Choose the pairs in which the words are differently related.
1. Daring : Timed
2. Beautiful : Pretty
3. Clear : Vague
4. Youth : Adult
5. Native : Alien

Ans: (2)

Explanation: Pairs 1, 3, 4 and 5 are opposites (daring-timid [likely intended], clear-vague, youth-adult, native-alien). Pair 2 (beautiful-pretty) are synonyms, meaning similar rather than opposite. Therefore pair 2 is the differently related pair.

Q14.  Choose the pairs in which the words are differently related.

1. See : Eye
2. Hear : Ears
3. Smell : Nose
4. Touch : Skin
5. Tongue : Taste

Ans: (5)

Explanation: In pairs 1 to 4 the first word is a function performed by the organ named second (see by eye, hear by ears, smell by nose, touch by skin). In pair 5 the order is reversed: the tongue is the organ and taste is the function, so the relationship differs from the others.

Q15.  Choose the pairs in which the words are differently related.
1. Bottle : Wine
2. Cup : Tea
3. Pitcher : Water
4. Ball : Bat
5. Inkpot : Ink

Ans: (4)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 2, 3 and 5 the first item is a container used to hold the second (bottle holds wine, cup holds tea, pitcher holds water, inkpot holds ink). In pair 4 a ball and a bat are both sporting items used together; the bat does not hold the ball. Hence pair 4 is different.

Directions for Questions 16 to 20: In each of the following questions, certain pairs of words are given, out of which the words in all pairs except one, bear a certain common relationship. Choose the pair in which the words are differently related.
Q16. Choose the pair in which the words are differently related.
1. Car : Road
2. Ship : Sea
3. Rocket : Space
4. Aeroplane : Pilot  

Ans: (4)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 2 and 3 the first item is a means of transport and the second denotes the medium over which it travels (car on road, ship on sea, rocket in space). In pair 4 the second word (pilot) is a person who operates the aeroplane, not the medium of travel. Thus pair 4 is different.

Q17. Choose the pair in which the words are differently related.
1. Beautician : Parlour
2. Chemist : Medicine
3. Lawyer : Court
4. Engineer : Site

Ans: (2)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 3 and 4 the second word denotes the place of work for the person named first (beautician works in a parlour, lawyer in a court, engineer on a site). In pair 2 the relationship is different: a chemist is associated with medicine as a product or commodity, not primarily a workplace. Therefore pair 2 is the odd one out.

Q18. Choose the pair in which the words are differently related.
1. Saw : Wood
2. Pen : Paper
3. Author : Book
4. Chalk : Blackboard

Ans: (3)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 2 and 4 the first item is a tool or instrument that acts on the second (a saw works on wood, a pen writes on paper, chalk is used on a blackboard). In pair 3 the author is a person who produces a book; this is a creator-product relationship rather than tool-object. Thus pair 3 differs.

Q19. Choose the pair in which the words are differently related.
1. Water : Thirst
2. Talent: Education
3. Food: Hunger
4. Air : Suffocation

Ans: (2)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 3 and 4 a lack of the first causes the second (lack of water causes thirst, lack of food causes hunger, lack of air causes suffocation). In pair 2 lack of talent does not directly cause education; the relationship is different. Therefore pair 2 is the odd pair.

Q20. Choose the pair in which the words are differently related.
1. Apple : Jam
2. Lemon : Citrus
3. Orange : Squash
4. Tomato : Pury

Ans: (2)

Explanation: In pairs 1, 3 and 4 the second word is a preserved or processed form of the first (apple → jam, orange → squash, tomato → puree). In pair 2, however, lemon and citrus are in a category relationship (lemon is a member of the citrus family), not a preserved form. Hence pair 2 is different.

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FAQs on Questions with Answers: Classification - Reasoning Aptitude for Competitive Examinations - Bank Exams

1. What is classification in machine learning?
Classification in machine learning is a supervised learning technique that involves categorizing data into predefined classes or categories. It is used to predict the class or category of new, unseen data based on patterns and features identified in the training data.
2. What are the main steps involved in the classification process?
The main steps involved in the classification process are: 1. Data Preprocessing: This involves cleaning and transforming the data to ensure its quality and compatibility with the classification algorithm. 2. Feature Selection or Extraction: This step involves selecting the most relevant features from the dataset or extracting new features that can improve the classification accuracy. 3. Training the Classifier: The classifier is trained using the labeled training data, where the algorithm learns the patterns and relationships between the features and their corresponding classes. 4. Model Evaluation: The trained classifier is evaluated using a separate set of data called the testing data to assess its performance and accuracy. 5. Prediction: Once the classifier is trained and evaluated, it can be used to predict the class or category of new, unseen data based on the learned patterns and relationships.
3. What are some commonly used classification algorithms in machine learning?
Some commonly used classification algorithms in machine learning are: 1. Logistic Regression: It is a statistical algorithm that predicts the probability of a binary outcome based on the relationship between the dependent variable and one or more independent variables. 2. Decision Trees: Decision trees create a model that predicts the value of a target variable by learning simple decision rules inferred from the features in the training data. 3. Random Forest: Random forest is an ensemble learning method that combines multiple decision trees to create a more accurate and robust classifier. 4. Support Vector Machines (SVM): SVM is a binary classification algorithm that separates data points into different classes by finding the optimal hyperplane that maximally separates the classes. 5. Naive Bayes: Naive Bayes is a probabilistic classifier based on Bayes' theorem that assumes independence between the features and predicts the class based on the highest probability.
4. How is accuracy measured in classification?
Accuracy is a commonly used metric to measure the performance of a classification model. It is calculated by dividing the number of correctly classified instances by the total number of instances in the testing data. A higher accuracy value indicates a more accurate classifier. Mathematically, accuracy can be expressed as: Accuracy = (Number of correctly classified instances / Total number of instances) * 100 However, accuracy alone may not be sufficient to evaluate the performance of a classifier, especially when the dataset is imbalanced or when the misclassification of certain classes is more critical than others. In such cases, other metrics such as precision, recall, and F1 score are also considered.
5. What is the difference between binary and multi-class classification?
Binary classification involves categorizing data into two distinct classes or categories. The classifier predicts whether an instance belongs to one class or the other. Examples of binary classification problems include spam email detection (spam or not spam) or tumor classification (malignant or benign). On the other hand, multi-class classification involves categorizing data into more than two classes or categories. The classifier predicts the class to which an instance belongs out of multiple predefined classes. Examples of multi-class classification problems include image recognition (identifying different objects in an image) or sentiment analysis (categorizing text into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments).
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