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Example 45. Sea water is 3.5% by mass of a salt and has a density 1.04 g cm-3 at 293 K. Assuming the salt to be sodium chloride, calculate the osmotic pressure of sea water. Assume complete ionization of the salt.
Solution. Mass of NaCl = 3.5 g

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
Actual number of moles of particles of solute in solution= Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
Volume of solution = 1 litre

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE

Example 46. Molality of a solution in aqueous medium is 0.8. Calculate its mole fraction and the percentage by mass of solute if molar mass of solute is 60.
Solution. We know that,

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
where, x= mole fraction of solute
mA = molar mass of solvent

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
xB = 0.014
Let wB = x g, wA = 100 g

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE

Example 47. A very small amount of a non-volatile solute (that does not dissociate) is dissolved in 56.8 cm3 of benzene (density 0.889 g cm-3). At room temperature, vapour pressure of this solution is 98.8 mm Hg while that of benzene is 100 mm Hg. Find the molality of the solution. If the freezing temperature of this solution is 0.73 degree lower than that of benzene, what is the value of molal freezing point depression constant of benzene?
Solution. 

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
ΔTf = Kf × Molality
0.73 = Kf × 0.1557
Kf = 4.688

Example 48. x g of a non-electrolytic compound (molar mass = 200) is dissolved in 1.0 litre of 0.05 M NaCl solution. The osmotic pressure of this solution is found to be 4.92 atm at 27ºC. Calculate the value of `x'. Assume complete dissociation of NaCl and ideal behaviour of this solution.
(a) 16.52 gm      
(b) 24.032 gm
(c) 19.959 gm    
(d) 12.35 gm
Ans. (c)
Solution. 
(i) For NaCl : p = iCRT = 2 × 0.05 × 0.0821 × 300 = 2.463 atm
(ii) For unknown compound,

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
Total osmotic pressure p = p+ p2
4.92 = 2.463 + 0.1231 x
x = 19.959 g

Example 49. The freezing point of a solution containing 50 cm3 of ethylene glycol in 50 g of water is found to be -34ºC. Assuming ideal behaviour, calculate the density of ethylene glycol (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).
(a) 1.13 g/cm3
(b) 2.00 g/cm3
(c) 1.8 g/cm3
(d) 2.25 g/cm3
Ans. (a)
Solution. 

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE

Example 50. Match the boiling point with Kb for x, y and z if molecular weight of x, y and z are same.


b. pt

Kb

x

100

0.68

y

27

0.53

z

253

0.98

Solution. Molal elevation constant may be calculated as,

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE 
(where, Tºb = boiling point of pure solvent Lv = latent heat of vaporization.)

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
(here, ΔHV = molar latent heat of vaporization).

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE

here, ΔSV = entropy of vaprization.
By considering ΔSV as almost constant, Kb µ Tº.
Kb(x) = 0.68 ; Kb (y) = 0.53 and Kb (z) = 0.98.

Example 51. 1.22 g C6H5COOH is added into two solvents and data of ΔTb and Kb are given as -
(a) ln 100 g CH3COCH3; ΔTb= 0.17; Kb = 1.7 kg kelvin/mol
(b) ln 100 g benzene; ΔTb = 0.13; Kb = 2.6 kg kelvin/mol
Find out the molecular weight of C6H5COOH in both cases and inerpret the result.
Solution. 
(a) 

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE

(b) 

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
(Abnormally double molecular mass of benzoic acid, it shows association of benzoic acid in benzene).

Example 52. How much C2H5OH should be added to 1 litre H2O so that it will not freeze at -20ºC?
Kf = 1.86ºC/m
Solution. Mass of 1 litre water = 1000 g

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE

Example 53. Calculate the molarity of each of the ions in solution when 3.0 litre of 4.0 M NaCl and 4.0 litre of 2.0 M CoCl2 are mixed and diluted to 10 litre.
Solution. Molarity Na  = 1.2 M
Molarity Co2+  = 0.8 M
Molarity Cl- = 2.8 M
Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
Total Cl- ions = 28 mole.

Example 54. Calculate the molarity of each ion in solution after 2.0 litre of 3.0 M AgNO3 is mixed with 3.0 litre of 1.0 M BaCl2.
Solution. 
BaCl2+  2AgNO→ 2AgCl +Ba(NO3)2
Initial 3 6 -_
mole
Final - -6 (ppt) 3
mole

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE

Example 55. 1.2 kg ethylene glycol Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE was added in a car radiator containing 9 litre water. The freezing of water was just prevented when car was running in the Himalayan valley at temperature -4ºC. Sudden thunderstorm in the valley lowered the temperature to -6ºC. Calculate the amount of ice separated.
Solution. 

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
A → Solute; B → Solvent

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
wB = 6000 g
weight of ice = (Total weight of H2O) - (wt. of H2O at 6°C) = 9000 - 6000 = 3000 g = 3 kg

Example 56. The vapour pressure of a solvent decreased by 10 mm of mercury when a non-volatile solute was added to the solvent. The mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2. What should be the mole fraction of the solvent, if the decrease in the vapour pressure is to be 20 mm of mercury.
(a) 0.8
(b) 0.6
(c) 0.4
(d) 0.2
Ans. (b)
Solution. 
Mole fraction of solute 

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
Comparing under the two conditions,

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
or mole fraction of solute = 0.4
mole fraction of solvent = (1 -0.4) = 0.6

Example 57. Three solutions of HCl having normality 12 N, 6 N and 2 N are mixed to obtain a solutions of 4 N normality. Which among the following volume ratio is correct for the above three components?
(a) 1 : 1 : 5
(b) 1 : 2 : 6
(c) 2 : 1 : 9
(d) 1 : 2 : 4
Ans. (b)
Solution. 
Use Hit & Trial Method.
N1V+ N2V+ N3V3 = NR(V+ V+ V3)
12 × 1 6 × 2 2 × 6 = NR(9)
NR = 4

Example 58. Two solutions of H2SO4 of molarities x and y are mixed in the ratio of V1 mL : V2 mL to form a solution of molarity M1. If they are mixed in the ratio of V2mL : V1mL, they form a solution of molarity M2. Given V1. Given V1/V2 => 1 and Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE = Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE, then x : y is -
(a) 2 : 1
(b) 4 : 1
(c) 1 : 2
(d) 3 : 1
Ans. (a)
Solution.
Molarity of the mixture can be calculated as.
M1V+ M2V2 = MR(V+ V2)
where, M= resultant solution
(V1 × x) × (V2 × y) = M1(V+ V2)
(V2 × x) × (V1 × y) = M2(V+ V2)
Dividing equation (i) by equation (ii), we get

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
Substituting Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEEwe can calculate x : y.

Example 59. Isuling (C2H10O5)n is dissolved in a suitable solvent and the osmotic pressure (p) of solutions of various concentrations (g/cc) C is measured at 20ºc. The slope of the plot of p against 'C' is found to be 4.65 × 10-3. The molecular weight of insulin is -
(a) 4.8 × 105
(b) 9 × 105
(c) 3 × 105
(d) 5.17 × 106
Ans. (d)
Solution.

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
where C = concentration in g/cc,
Comparing eqs. (i) and (ii), ...(ii)

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE


Example 60. Compound PdCl4.6H2O is a hydrated complex; 1 molal aqueous solution of it has freezing point 269.28 K. Assuming 100% ionization of complex, calculate the molecular formula of the complex (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
(a) [Pd(H2O)6]Cl4
(b) [Pd(H2O)4Cl2]Cl 2.2H2O
(c) [Pd(H2O)3Cl3]Cl.3H 2O
(d) [Pd(H2O)2Cl4].4H 2O
Ans. (c)
Solution.
ΔT = i × K× m
(273 -269.28) = i × 1.86 × 1
3.72 = i × 1.86
i = 2

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
Thus, the complex should give two ions in the solution, i.e., the complex will be [Pd(H2O)3Cl3]Cl.3H2O]

Example 61. pH of 0.1 M monobasic acid is measured to be 2. Its osmotic pressure at a given temperature T K is -
(a) 0.1 RT
(b) 0.11 RT
(c) 1.1 RT
(d) 0.01 RT
Ans. (b)
Solution.
HA Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE H+  A-
t = 0  C  0     0
teq C -C∝ C∝ C∝
[H ] = Ca, [H ] = 10-pH
Cα = 10-2
0.1 α = 10-2
a = 0.1
a = Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE ; 0.1 = Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
i = 1.1
p = iCRT
= 1.1 × 0.1 × RT = 0.11 RT

Example 62. Lowering of vapour pressure in 1 molal aqueous solution at 100ºC is -
(a) 13.44 mm Hg
(b) 14.12 mm Hg
(c) 31.2 mm Hg
(d) 35.2 mm Hg
Ans. (a)
Solution.
Molality and mole fraction are related as follows:

Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE
mA = molar mass of solvent
xB = 0.0176, x= 0.9824
p = p°AxA
p = 760 × 0.9824 = 746.624
Δp = p°A - p = 760 - 746.624 = 13.4 mm Hg.

The document Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) | Additional Study Material for JEE is a part of the JEE Course Additional Study Material for JEE.
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FAQs on Solved Examples - Solutions (Part - 4) - Additional Study Material for JEE

1. What are some common examples of solved problems in JEE?
Ans. Some common examples of solved problems in JEE include questions related to calculus, kinematics, electromagnetic induction, thermodynamics, and organic chemistry reactions.
2. How can I improve my problem-solving skills for JEE?
Ans. To improve problem-solving skills for JEE, it is important to practice regularly, understand the underlying concepts, and analyze the solutions to previous year question papers. Additionally, seeking guidance from teachers or joining coaching institutes can also be helpful.
3. Are solved examples in JEE study materials sufficient for preparation?
Ans. Solved examples provided in JEE study materials are a good starting point for preparation. However, it is recommended to solve additional practice problems from different sources to gain a deeper understanding of concepts and enhance problem-solving abilities.
4. How can I approach solving complex problems in JEE?
Ans. When faced with complex problems in JEE, it is important to break them down into smaller, manageable parts. Analyze the given information, identify the relevant concepts, and apply the appropriate problem-solving techniques. It is also helpful to practice time management to ensure efficient problem-solving during the exam.
5. Are there any online platforms or resources available for solving JEE problems?
Ans. Yes, there are various online platforms and resources available for solving JEE problems. Some popular ones include websites offering practice questions, mock tests, and video tutorials. Additionally, there are online forums and communities where students can discuss and solve problems together.
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