Economics chapter 1 :-Development - Class 10 PDF Download

Development involves desires or aspirations about what would you like to live. It involves freedom, economic equality, participative involvement security, life with dignity etc.

What development promises-different people, different goals:-

i.  People seek things that are most important for them i.e.,that which can fulfill their aspirations or desires.
ii. In fact, at times, two persons or groups of persons may seek things which are conflicting. 
iii. So, two things are quite clear
1. Different person can have different development goals. 
2. What may be development for one may not be developed for the other.  It may even be destructive for the other

Income and other goals:-
i. What people Desire regular work, better wages and decent price for their crops or other products that they produce.  in other words Income.
ii. People also seek thing like equal treatment, freedom,  security and respect for others.
iii. In some cases, these may be more important than income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live.
iv. Money or material things that one can buy with it is one of the factor on which our life depends on non material things mentioned above.
v. There are many things that are not easily measured but they mean a lot to our lives these are often ignored.
vi. However it would be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important.
vii. Similarly for development people look at the mix of goals.
viii. The development goals the people have are not only about better income  but also about other important things in life.

National development :-
i. It is very important to keep in mind that different person could have different as well as conflicting notions of our country's development.
ii. National development means thinking about a fair and just path for all whether there is a better way or doing things.

How to compare different countries or states:-
i. Usually we take one or more important characteristics of person and compare them based on these characteristics.
ii. For comparing countries their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.
iii. Countries with higher income are developed that other with less income.
iv. The income of the country is the income of all the resident of the country this gives us the total income of the country.
v. For comparison between countries total income is not such useful measure.
vi. Hence we compare the average income which is the country divided by its total population average income is also called per capita income.
vii. In world development report by the World Bank.
viii. Countries with per capita income of USD 12736 per annum and above in 2013 are called rich countries and those with per capita income of USD 1570 or are called low income countries.
ix.  India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2013 was just USD 1570 per income.

Income and other countries :-
i. Let us compare the per capita income of Maharashtra, Kerala and Bihar.
ii. Maharashtra has the highest per capita income in Bihar is at the bottom.
iii. So if per capita income were to be used as the measure of development Maharashtra will be considered the most developed state of the three.

Public facilities:-
i. Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.
ii. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use normally your money cannot buy the pollution free environment on ensure that you get and unadulterated medicine unless you can afford to save the community that already  has all these things.
iii. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious disease unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps.

Human development :-
development of an individual in such a way that he can able to earn and fulfill his materialistic Desire.

 Sustianable development:-
it is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their needs without damaging our environment.