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Introduction

Plants are very useful to us. They are the only living beings which make their own food and provide food for all other living beings. Plants also give out oxygen which all human beings and animals need for breathing. Plants also check soil erosion. They are, therefore, called our green friends. Hence, it is necessary to grow more and more plants on earth.

Reproduction in Plants

Living things do not live forever. They all die but life continues due to the process of reproduction. Like animals, plants also reproduce. Plants produce new plants like themselves. This process of production of new plants is called reproduction.

Reproduction in Plants | Science Class 5

Types of Reproduction

1. Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent and inherit the character of that parent only. These off-springs are the exact copies of the parent plant. 

Vegetative Propagation: The kind of reproduction in which a new plant grows from the body parts of a plant such as the stem, roots and leaves is called vegetative propagation. 

Reproduction in Plants | Science Class 5

1. Vegetative propagation by Roots

A new plant can also grow from the roots of the mother plant. Sweet potato, carrot, radish, turnip and dahlia are some examples of plants whose roots can grow into new plants.
Vegetative Propagation by Roots in Sweet PotatoVegetative Propagation by Roots in Sweet PotatoSome plants like gladioli, lilies and tuberoses grow from the bulbs of the mother plants. The bulbs are underground buds. These are called bulbs because these are shaped like bulbs.

2. Vegetative propagation by Stem

Some plants like rose, hibiscus, money plant and sugarcane can grow from the stems of old plants. A piece of stem having buds is taken from the mother plant and is planted in the soil. After a few days, new plants grow out from the buds. This method is called stem cutting.

Reproduction in Plants | Science Class 5

Vegetative Propagation by Stem
  • The potato is a stem that grows underground and has buds called ‘eyes’. Any part of a potato that has buds, when planted in the soil, can grow into a new plant. 
  • Onion and ginger are also underground stems from which new plants grow. 

Question for Reproduction in Plants
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Which type of reproduction involves offspring arising from a single parent and inheriting the characteristics of that parent only?
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3. Some plants grow by layering

Some plants can also be grown by layering. In this method, the side branches are bent towards the ground and covered with moist soil, keeping the tip free. After a few days, new roots develop. Jasmine plant and lemon plant reproduce by the process of layering. 

LayeringLayering

4. Growing of grass

We know that grass plants creep along the ground like a green carpet. Side branches grow out of creeping stems. They separate and grow into new plants. These are called runners. Mango, grapes, rose and many other fruit plants are grown by stem cutting and budding.  

Reproduction in Plants | Science Class 5

Runner

5. Vegetative Reproduction by Leaf

Leaves of certain plants produce buds along their margins. New plants grow from these buds if the leaves are placed in moist soil. For example, Bryophyllum leaves. 

Vegetative Propagation by Leaf in BryophyllumVegetative Propagation by Leaf in Bryophyllum

6. Vegetative propagation by spores

Certain plants do not bear flowers and seeds. They have special structures called spores which help in reproduction. For example, mushrooms, ferns and mosses. If you rub many dark coloured dots lying underside of a fern plant between your thumb and forefinger, the powdery substance you can feel between your fingers are the spores. 

Spores of FungiSpores of Fungi

Advantages of Vegetative Reproduction:

1. Vegetative propagation is a faster method to produce a new plant. 

2. It is a very useful method for production of seedless plants such as grapes and banana. 

3. The plants produced by vegetative propagation bear flowers and fruits earlier than the new plants produced by seeds. 

Sexual reproduction:

Sexual reproduction is the method of reproduction in plants by which offsprings produce from a male and a female parent. The offspring will inherit the traits of both the parents. Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. They turn into fruits, which have seeds inside them. New plants grow from seeds.

Interesting Facts:

  1. Venus fly trap, pitcher plant and bladder worth etc. derive their nitrogen requirement from the insects.
  2. Bamboo is not a tree but a grass
  3. The flower of Raffles is the largest known flower
  4. Edible mushroom grows completely within 7 days.
  5. Amount of carbon dioxide produced by plants are less than that of oxygen produced by them. 
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FAQs on Reproduction in Plants - Science Class 5

1. Why is reproduction important for plants?
Ans. Reproduction is important for plants because it allows them to produce offspring and ensure the survival of their species. It helps in genetic diversity, adaptation to the environment, and the continuation of the plant population.
2. How do plants reproduce?
Ans. Plants can reproduce through sexual and asexual methods. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, which results in the formation of seeds. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, includes processes like vegetative propagation, where new plants are produced from vegetative parts such as stems or roots.
3. What are the different modes of asexual reproduction in plants?
Ans. The different modes of asexual reproduction in plants include: 1. Vegetative propagation: This involves the growth of new plants from vegetative parts like stems, roots, or leaves of the parent plant. 2. Budding: In this process, a small bud or outgrowth develops on the parent plant, which later detaches and grows into a new individual. 3. Fragmentation: Here, the parent plant breaks into fragments, and each fragment develops into a new plant. 4. Spore formation: Some plants produce spores that can develop into new individuals under favorable conditions.
4. What is pollination in plants?
Ans. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the male reproductive part (anther) to the female reproductive part (stigma) of a flower. It is a crucial step in sexual reproduction as it leads to fertilization and the formation of seeds. Pollination can occur through various agents like wind, water, insects, birds, or other animals.
5. How are seeds formed in plants?
Ans. Seeds are formed in plants through the process of fertilization. After pollination, the pollen grain travels to the stigma of the flower. From there, it grows a pollen tube down to the ovary, where the fertilization takes place. The male gamete fuses with the female gamete, resulting in the formation of a zygote. This zygote develops into an embryo, which is protected by the seed coat. The ovary then develops into a fruit, enclosing the seeds.
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