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Class 12 Geography Long Questions with Answers - Human Geography Nature And Scope

Q. 1. Explain the concept introduced by Griffith Taylor with the help of examples.
Ans. 
A Geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism.
He termed it as Neo-determinism or stop or go determinism, it means that possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment and there is no free run without accidents.
Examples : Those of you who live in cities and those who have visited a city, might have seen that traffic is regulated by light on the cross-roads.
(i) Red light means ‘stop’. Amber light provides a gap between red and green lights ‘to get set’ and green light means ‘go’.
(ii) The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity nor is there a condition of absolute freedom.
(iii) It means that human beings conquer nature by obeying it.
(iv) They have to respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when nature permits modifications.

Q. 2. Explain naturalisation of humans.
Ans. 
Human beings have been interacting with their physical environment since long ago.
(i) In the early stage of interaction with their natural environment, humans were greatly influenced by it. This type of interaction gave way to naturalisation of humans.
(ii) At this stage, we can imagine the presence of a naturalised human who listened to nature, was afraid of its fury and worshipped. it.
(iii) Naturalisation of humans allows them to adapt to the dictates of nature. In the primitive times, the human household shared a direct relationship with the nature. Human considered nature to be a powerful force which was worshipped, revered and conserved.
(iv) This is considered as a direct dependence of human beings on nature for resource which sustain them. The physical environment for the primitive human societies became the ‘Mother Nature’.
(v) Human beings began to understand the force of nature with the passage of time. Humans realised that nature provided them with abundant resources and the humans slowly and gradually got naturalised.

Q. 3. Write a note on the scope of human geography.
Ans.
The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of Earth in different ecological niches. Thus, we can imagine the begining of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings.
(i) The concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the approaches to articulate them have changed over time.
(ii) Earlier there was little interaction between different societies and the knowledge about each other was limited. Travellers and explorers used to disseminate information about the areas of their visits. Navigational skills were not developed and voyages were fraught with dangers.
(iii) With the advancement in technology, human geography developed which helped in explaining the relationship between all elements of human life and the space they occur over. The scope of human geography can be well explained with the help of examples.
(iv) For example; the humanistic school of thought in human geography is mainly concerned with the different aspects of social well-being of the people.
(v) The radical school of thought employed Marxian Theory to explain the basic cause of poverty and social inequality. Similarly, behavioural school of thought laid great emphasis on live experience and also on the perception of space by social categories based on ethnicity, race and religion, etc.

The document Class 12 Geography Long Questions with Answers - Human Geography Nature And Scope is a part of the Humanities/Arts Course Geography Class 12.
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FAQs on Class 12 Geography Long Questions with Answers - Human Geography Nature And Scope

1. What is human geography and what is its scope?
Ans. Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of human activities, their patterns, and their impact on the Earth's surface. It involves understanding the relationship between people and their environment, including cultural, economic, and social aspects. The scope of human geography includes topics such as population dynamics, migration, urbanization, cultural landscapes, and the spatial distribution of human activities.
2. How is human geography different from physical geography?
Ans. While physical geography focuses on the natural features and processes of the Earth's surface, human geography specifically examines the relationship between people and their environment. It explores how human activities, such as settlement patterns, economic activities, and cultural practices, shape and are shaped by the physical environment. Physical geography looks at natural phenomena, while human geography examines the human impact on those phenomena.
3. What are the main subfields within human geography?
Ans. Human geography consists of several subfields, including cultural geography, economic geography, urban geography, political geography, and population geography. Cultural geography focuses on the study of human culture and its spatial distribution. Economic geography examines the spatial patterns of economic activities and their impact on the environment. Urban geography studies cities and their development. Political geography explores the relationship between politics and geography. Population geography analyzes the distribution and characteristics of human populations.
4. How does human geography contribute to understanding global issues?
Ans. Human geography provides insights into global issues by analyzing the spatial patterns, processes, and interactions that shape them. It helps understand the distribution of resources, population dynamics, migration patterns, urbanization, and social inequalities across different regions of the world. By studying human-environment interactions, human geography contributes to understanding the impacts of climate change, natural disasters, and the sustainability of human activities. It also provides knowledge to address social, economic, and political challenges on a global scale.
5. What are some career options for those studying human geography?
Ans. Studying human geography opens up various career opportunities. Graduates can work as urban planners, environmental analysts, GIS specialists, market researchers, demographers, international development consultants, or teachers. They can also pursue careers in government agencies, think tanks, non-profit organizations, or international organizations, dealing with issues related to urban development, sustainability, population studies, and policy-making. Additionally, human geographers can further their education and engage in research or teaching in universities and research institutions.
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