Class 12 Political Science Previous Year: Long Questions with Answers- Globalisation

Q.1. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:    [2024]
Globalisation is a multi-dimensional concept. It has various manifestations, and these must be adequately distinguished. It is wrong to assume that globalisation has only one dimension, just as it would also be mistaken to assume that it is a purely cultural phenomenon. The impact of globalisation is multi-dimensional; it affects some societies more than others and it is important to avoid drawing general conclusions about the impact of globalisation without paying sufficient attention to specific contexts.        
(i) Which one of the following is not a dimension of globalisation?
(A) Political  
(B) Ethical  
(C) Cultural  
(D) Economic  
(ii) Which one of the following statements related to globalisation is not correct?  
(A) The technological advances do help a lot in the flow of ideas, capital, commodities and people.  
(B) Globalisation affects the cultures of different countries.
(C) It affects all over the world equally.  
(D) When major economic events take place, their impact is felt at the global level.  
(iii) Globalisation as a concept does not deal with which one of the following?  
(A) Flow of ideas  
(B) Flow of capital  
(C) Flow of rivers  
(D) Flow of people  
(iv) The impact of globalisation is vastly ___________.
(A) even  
(B) uneven  
(C) discriminatory  
(D) regional  
Ans. (i) (B)
(ii) (C)
(iii) (C)
(iv) (B)

Q.2. (a) Analyse that globalisation is about worldwide inter-connectedness.    [2022]
OR
(b) Evaluate the role of technology in globalisation.
Ans. (a) Globalisation is a multidimensional concept. It has economic, cultural and political manifestations. Globalisation basically deals with flows. The critical factor of globalization is the ‘worldwide interconnectedness’ that is generated and sustained as a result of these constant flows.
These flows could be of various types which are given below: 
(i) Trade of commodities, goods and services between countries.
(ii) People migrate to different countries in search of better opportunities and livelihoods.
(iii) Movement of ideas from one part of the world to another part of the world
(iv) Movement of capital shunted between two or more places.
Some of the consequences of Globalization are political, economic, and cultural.
Political Consequences: 
(i) Erosion of state capacity with respect to the capacity of the Government on what they can do.
(ii) Many of the welfare functions of the Governments are withdrawn and they stick to core functions such as providing security to the citizens of the country and maintaining law and order.
Economic Consequences: 
(i) To ensure that jobs of the citizens of a country are guarded, developed countries have restricted visa policies.
(ii) People who were dependent on Government welfare and jobs have been affected.
Cultural Consequences: 
(i) Globalization can lead to cultural homogenisation.
(ii) Hence people fear that there is a threat to the different cultures of the world.
OR
(b) The role of Technology in promoting the globalization process has been explained below: 
(i) Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries.
(ii) The most important factor that has increased the globalization process is rapid improvement in technology.
(iii) The most prominent development is the improvement in transportation technology which has made the delivery of goods over long distance possible at a lower cost in a shorter duration of time.
(iv) Information and Communication Technology has improved and has been changing rapidly.
(v) Telecommunication facilities are being used to contact one another around the world and to gain information instantly.
(vi) It has also become easier to use the satellite communication to communicate to the remote areas.

Q.3. Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
Globalisation as a concept fundamentally deals with flows. These flows could be of various kinds: Ideas moving from one part of the world to another, capital shunted between two or more places, commodities being traded across borders, and people moving in search of better livelihoods to different parts of the world. The crucial element is the worldwide ‘interconnectedness’ that is created and sustained as a consequence of these constant flows. Globalisation is a multidimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished.
(i) “Globalisation is a multidimensional concept”. Justify.
(ii) In globalisation, the crucial element is the ‘worldwide interconnectedness’.
Substantiate the statement with two suitable. examples.
(iii) How the disintegration of the USSR helped in spreading globalisation across the world?
Ans. (i) Globalisation is a multidimensional concept.It has its political, economic and cultural aspects. It is neither purely economic nor a purely cultural phenomenon.
(ii) In globalisation the crucial element is the ‘world–wide interconnectedness.
A. Movement of capital from one place to another.
B. People moving in search of better livelihoods to different parts of the world.
C. Commodities being traded across borders.
(iii) The disintegration of USSR helped in spreading globalisation around the world :
A. With the disintegration of theUSSR and fall off communist regimes in East European countries the ideology of communism was replaced by the ideology of capitalism.
B. The spread of capitalism to the Second World further speeded up the process of globalisation.

Q.4. State the political impact of globalisation on the world?
Ans. The political impact of globalisation on the world is
(A) Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of the government to do what they do. All over the world, the old welfare state is giving way to the old minimalist state that performs certain core functions like maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens.
(B) In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities.
(C) The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the world leads to reduction in the capacity of governments to take their decisions on their own.
(D) Some governments are forced to do away with certain rules and regulations which safeguard the rights of the working people and environment.
(E) The supporters of the Globalisation, on the other hand, believe that in some respect the state capacity has received a boost as a consequence of globalisation, with enhanced technologies available at the disposal of the state to collect information about its citizens.With this information the state is better able to rule, not less able.

Q.5. Analyse any three demerits of globalisation.
Ans. DEMERITS OF GLOBALISATION
(i) Political Consequences : It has affected the traditional conceptions of state.The old “Welfare State” is now giving way to minimalist state. The increased role of MNCs leads to reduction in the capacity of governments to take their decisions on their own.
(ii) Economic Consequences :
• It benefits only a small section of the society.
• It has led to forced globalisation leading to economic ruin for the weaker countries.
• Many call it re-colonisation of the world.
(iii) Cultural Consequences :
• It leads to the rise of a uniform culture called homogenisation.
• Imposition of Western culture on the rest of the world.
• It leads to shrinking of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe.