Q1: State the role of 'Gang Boss' in functional foremanship.
Ans: The Gang Boss plays a crucial role in functional foremanship by ensuring:
Q2: What is meant by Management principles?
Ans: Management Principles are essential guidelines that help managers make decisions and take action. They are based on broad truths about how things work in an organisation.
Q3: State the technique of scientific management which is the strong motivator for a worker to reach standard performance.
Ans: The differential piece wage system rewards workers based on their performance.
Q4: State the role of 'route clerk' in functional foremanship.
Ans: The route clerk plays a crucial role in functional foremanship by:
Q5: Factory owners or managers relied on personal judgment in attending to the problems they confronted in the course of managing their work. Which principle of Taylor is it referring to?
Ans: Science, not Rule of Thumb: The principle referred to is the concept of scientific management, which advocates for systematic methods over personal judgment.
Q6: What do you mean by Mental Revolution?
Ans: Mental revolution involves transformation in the thinking of both the management and the workers from competition to cooperation.
Q7: Name the organizational structure which helps in increasing managerial and operational efficiency.
Ans: Functional Structure is an organisational framework that enhances both managerial and operational efficiency.
Q8: A company manufacturing motorcycles and cars should have separate divisions for both, headed by separate divisional managers, separate plans and resources. Identify the principle with the help of this example.
Ans: Unity of Direction is a principle that emphasises the importance of having a clear focus within an organisation.
Q9: The directors of XYZ limited, an organization manufacturing computer, wants to double the sales and have given the responsibility to the sales manager. The sales manager has no authority either to increase sales expense or appoint new salesmen. Hence, he could not achieve this target. Identify the principle violated in this situation.
Ans: The principle violated in this situation is the Principle of Authority and Responsibility.
Q10: Who suggested the concept of functional foremanship?
Ans: Fredrick Winslow Taylor.
Q11: A subordinate receives order from more than one boss’. Which principle in violated?
Ans: Unity of Command is the principle that states each employee should receive orders from only one superior. When a subordinate receives instructions from multiple bosses, this principle is violated.
Q12: Hina & Hitesh are typists in a company having the same educational qualification. Hina is getting Rs. 3000 per month and Hitesh is getting Rs 4000 per month as salary for the same work hours. Which principle of management is violated in this case? Name the principle and explain it.
Ans: The Principle of Equity is violated in this case. This principle emphasises that:
Q13: What is meant by flexibility of principles of management?
Ans: Flexibility of principles of management refers to the ability of managers to adjust management principles based on their specific needs. This flexibility allows for creative solutions to business challenges.
Q1: Explain why it is said that principles of management are 'mainly behavioural' and 'contingent' in nature. Also explain how principles of management ‘provides managers with useful insights into reality' and 'helps in thoughtful decision-making'.
Ans: The principles of management are 'mainly behavioural' and 'contingent' in nature and ‘provide managers with useful insights into reality' and 'helps in thoughtful decision-making'. This can be explained as follows:
Q2: Explain the principles of scientific management.
Ans: The principles of scientific management are as follows:
Q3: Explain briefly 'discipline' and 'scalar chain' as principles of general management.
Ans: The explanations are:
Q4: Sanchit, after completing his entrepreneurship course in Sweden, returned to India and started a coffee shop, 'Aroma Coffee Can', in a famous mall in New Delhi. The specialty of the coffee shop was the special aroma of coffee and wide variety of flavours to choose from. Somehow, the business was neither profitable nor popular; Sanchit was keen to find out the reason. He appointed Sandhya, an MBA from a reputed college, as a Manager to find out the causes for the same. Sandhya took feedback from the clients and found out that though they loved the special unique aroma of coffee, but were not happy with the long wait time being taken to process the order. She analyzed and found out that there were many unnecessary obstructions in between which could be eliminated. She fixed a standard time for processing the order. She also realised that there were some flavors whose demand was not enough. So, she also decided to stop the sale of such flavors. As a result, within a short period, Sandhya was able to attract customers. Identify and explain any two techniques of scientific management used by Sandhya to solve the problem.
Ans: The techniques of scientific management used by Sandhya to solve the problems were:
In this case, Sandhya identified many unnecessary obstructions in between the processes which could be eliminated.
Simplification of Work: It means simplifying work by eliminating needless varieties, sizes, dimensions etc. of products produced to utilise resources optimally and reduce labour and overhead costs.
In this case, Sandhya stopped the sale of those flavors whose demand was not enough.
Q5: Explain briefly 'Unity of Direction' and 'Order' as principles of general management.
Ans: The explanations are:
For Example: In a plant layout, production is supposed to be taken on Machine 1 and Machine 2 in a sequence, then both the machines should be arranged near to each other. If both the machines are far away from each other, then there can be delay in the production process, thus causing reduced productivity, and high costs.
Q6: How are management principles derived?
OR
"Management principles are evolutionary." Explain.
OR
"Derivation of management principles may be said to be a matter of science." Explain.
Ans: Management principles are derived through a combination of observation, experimentation, and practical experience by various managers. Over time, these principles have evolved based on:
Q7: ‘Discipline is double-edged tool’ Comment.
Ans: Discipline is a double-edged tool in an organisation. It serves two main purposes:
Q1: Explain the features of the principles of Management.
Ans: The features of management are as follows:
Q2: Explain the importance of management principles.
Ans: The following are the importance of principles of management:
Q3: Discuss the differences between the contributions of Taylor and Fayol.
Ans: The differences between the contributions of Taylor and Fayol are:
Q4: Explain why it is said that principles of management are 'mainly behavioural' and 'contingent' in nature. Also, explain how principles of management ‘provides managers with useful insights into reality' and 'helps in thoughtful decision-making'.
Ans: The principles of management are 'mainly behavioural' and 'contingent' in nature and ‘provide managers with useful insights into reality' and 'helps in thoughtful decision-making'. This can be explained as follows:
Q5: Discuss the following techniques of Scientific Work Study:
(a) Time Study:
Ans: Time study is concerned with determining the standard time for performing a well defined work. In this, standard time is fixed by using the average time taken to perform the same activity several times. Time study also assists in the determination of wages, drafting incentive schemes, manpower requirements etc.
(b) Motion Study:
Ans: It is a study of movements undertaken while doing a job. It eliminates unnecessary movement to complete the task in minimum time with greater efficiency. Also, it aids in designing the best possible method to perform the repetitive work. The major objective of motion study is to eliminate the unnecessary movements in order to complete a task in a shorter time.
(c) Fatigue Study:
Ans: Fatigue study helps in determining the amount and frequency of rest intervals required to complete a task without getting physically or mentally tired. The break interval in between work helps workers to regain the stamina to work with the same energy, and hence, rest is essential to perform the work with full capacity. This study helps to find out the standard intervals of break that help a worker to regain its energy.
(d) Method Study:
Ans: The objective of method study is to find out the best way of doing the job. By determining the best method one can minimise the cost of production and maximise the quality and satisfaction of the customer.
(e) Simplification and Standardisation of work:
Ans: Simplification of work aims at eliminating the unnecessary diversity in the products. It helps in savings of cost of labor, machine and tools and increased turnover. There are shoe sizes, cloth sizes such as M, L, XL etc., this is done to reduce unnecessary variations, and expenses.
Standardization refers to setting of standards or benchmarks for every business activity, such as standardization of work, process, etc. Standardization thrives to achieve quality work, and quality products by establishing standards of performance for men and machines. For example there are standards for gold (hallmark), agricultural products (Agmark), industrial products(ISI) that assure that the product is a quality product.
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