Class 9 English Chapter 2 Question Answers - The Sound of Music

Q1. What was wrong with Evelyn Glennie?

Ans: Evelyn Glennie was profoundly deaf, which significantly impacted her life and musical journey.

Her hearing loss developed gradually:

• At age eight, her mother noticed she didn't respond when her name was called.
• By eleven, her academic performance declined, prompting her headmistress to recommend a specialist.
• It was confirmed that she had severe hearing impairment due to nerve damage.

Despite this challenge, Evelyn did not give up:

• She was determined to lead a normal life and pursue music.
• With the help of percussionist Ron Forbes, she learned to sense music through vibrations.
• Evelyn's perseverance has inspired many, demonstrating that physical limitations can be overcome.

Q2. When was her deafness first noticed?

Ans: Her deafness was first noticed when she was eight years old.

Q3. At what age did Evelyn go to the Royal Academy of Music in London?

Ans: Evelyn attended the Royal Academy of Music at the age of seventeen.

Q4. What was Evelyn’s special field of interest?

Ans: Evelyn had a deep passion for music.

Q5. At what age was Evelyn’s deafness confirmed?

Ans: Evelyn's deafness was confirmed at the age of eleven.

Q6. Who was Ron Forbes?

Ans: Ron Forbes was a talented percussionist who played a crucial role in Evelyn's musical journey. He recognised her potential and encouraged her to pursue her passion for music despite her deafness.

• Forbes began by tuning two large drums to different notes.
• He advised Evelyn to “not listen through your ears” but to sense the music in other ways.
• Evelyn discovered she could feel different notes in various parts of her body.
• His support and unique teaching methods helped her open her mind and body to sounds and vibrations.

Q7. At what age did Evelyn visit the United Kingdom with a youth orchestra?

Ans: Evelyn visited the United Kingdom with a youth orchestra at the age of sixteen.

Q8. What was her performance in the audition for the Royal Academy of music?

Ans: She scored the highest marks in the history of the Royal Academy of Music.

Q9. What award did Evelyn win in 1991?

Ans: In 1991, Evelyn received the Royal Philharmonic Society's prestigious Soloist of the Year Award.

Q10. How did Ron Forbes ask Evelyn to hear music?

Ans: Ron Forbes encouraged Evelyn to experience music through her body rather than her ears. He taught her to:

• Feel the vibrations from the drums by tuning them to different notes.
• Sense the higher drum from the waist up and the lower one from the waist down.
• Open her mind and body to sounds and vibrations.

Through this method, Evelyn discovered that she could perceive certain notes in various parts of her body, allowing her to connect with music in a unique way.

Q11. Who did Evelyn give a big inspiration to?

Ans: Evelyn Glennie has served as a significant inspiration to many, particularly those who are handicapped. Her journey demonstrates that overcoming challenges is possible, encouraging others to believe in their own potential.

• She shows that with determination, anyone can achieve their dreams.
• Her success in music motivates others facing similar obstacles.
• People often say, "If she can do it, I can too."

Q12. Which train was Evelyn waiting for on the underground train platform? How did she feel when she sensed the train approaching?

Ans: On the underground train platform, Evelyn was waiting for a train to London, where she was to join the prestigious Royal Academy of Music. As she sensed the train approaching, she felt a mix of nervousness and excitement.

Q13. How old was Evelyn when she went to the Royal Academy of Music? Why was she nervous on her way to the academy?

Ans: Evelyn was just seventeen when she attended the Royal Academy of Music in London. Her nervousness stemmed from:

• Her young age and limited life experience.
• Coming from a rural background in Scotland.
• The challenges posed by her hearing disability in a large institution.

Q14. While leaving for the Royal Academy of Music, why was Evelyn excited despite her nervousness?

Ans: Evelyn was thrilled to attend the Royal Academy of Music in London, as it represented a long-held dream. She was excited about starting a three-year course at an institution she had always admired.

Despite her impaired hearing, her acceptance into such a prestigious school filled her with joy. It was a significant achievement that showcased her determination and passion for music.

Q15. When was Evelyn’s deafness first noticed? When was it confirmed?

Ans: Evelyn's deafness was first noticed when she was eight years old. Her mother realised something was wrong when Evelyn did not respond to her name during a piano performance.

Her deafness was confirmed at the age of eleven after her poor academic performance led her parents to consult a specialist. The examination revealed that her hearing was severely impaired due to gradual nerve damage.

Q16. Why had Evelyn’s headmistress advised her parents to take her to a specialist?

Ans: Evelyn successfully concealed her increasing deafness from her peers and teachers for some time. However, by the age of eleven, her academic performance began to decline, prompting her headmistress to recommend that her parents consult a specialist.

Q17. What advice were the parents of Evelyn given once her deafness was confirmed?

Ans: Once Evelyn's deafness was confirmed, her parents received important advice:

• They were recommended to get hearing aids for Evelyn.
• They were advised to enrol her in a special school designed for deaf children.

Q18. “Everything suddenly looked black”. Why does Evelyn say so?

Ans: When Evelyn was advised to use hearing aids and join the school for the deaf, she felt that her future was bleak and dark.

She was overwhelmed with depression, as her dreams of achieving great things seemed lost. Evelyn felt like a disabled child, unable to access a normal life.

Q19. How did Evelyn Glennie respond to the discovery of her deafness?

Ans: Upon discovering her deafness caused by gradual nerve damage, Evelyn Glennie chose not to give up. Instead, she aimed to lead a normal life and follow her passion for music.

• Initially, her mother noticed something was wrong when Evelyn, at eight years old, did not respond when her name was called.
• Despite her growing deafness, Evelyn managed to hide it from friends and teachers for some time.
• By eleven, her academic performance declined, prompting her headmistress to recommend a specialist.
• It was confirmed that she had severe hearing impairment, and she was advised to use hearing aids and attend a school for the deaf.
• Feeling disheartened, Evelyn refused to let this setback define her.
• She was inspired to play the xylophone after seeing another girl perform.
• Despite discouragement from teachers, percussionist Ron Forbes recognised her talent and guided her to sense music through vibrations.
• Evelyn learned to feel different notes in various parts of her body, allowing her to connect with music in a unique way.

Q20. How did Evelyn’s teachers respond when she expressed her desire to play the xylophone?

Ans: Evelyn has always had a passion for music. Despite her deafness, she wanted to play the xylohpone after seeing another girl play it. However, her teachers were sceptical about her ability due to her hearing impairment and discouraged her.

Fortunately, percussionist Ron Forbes recognised her potential. He encouraged her by:

• Tuning two large drums to different notes.
• Advising her to "sense it some other way" instead of relying on her ears.

Evelyn discovered she could feel the vibrations of the drums in different parts of her body. This breakthrough allowed her to connect with music in a unique way, leading to her determination and hard work in pursuing her musical dreams.

Q21. Who wiped Evelyn to continue with music? What did he do and say?

Ans: Ron Forbes, a percussionist, played a crucial role in helping Evelyn continue her music journey. While many teachers discouraged her, Forbes recognised her potential and took action.

• He tuned two large drums to different notes.
• Forbes encouraged Evelyn to train her body to sense music differently.
• He advised her, “Don’t listen through your ears; try to sense it some other way.”
• Evelyn discovered she could feel the higher drum from the waist up and the lower one from the waist down.

This innovative approach allowed her to open her mind and body to sounds and vibrations, leading to her remarkable success in music.

Q22. How did Evelyn open her mind and body to musical sounds and vibrations?

Ans: Evelyn opened her mind and body to musical sounds and vibrations through the guidance of Ron Forbes. He taught her to listen using different parts of her body, rather than just her ears. This approach helped her:

• Become more aware of various sounds and vibrations in music.
• Compensate for her hearing loss by enhancing her sensitivity in other body areas.
• Feel the higher drum from the waist up and the lower one from the waist down.

Through practice, she learned to sense specific notes in different parts of her body. Evelyn described her experience, saying, “I had learnt to open my mind and body to sounds and vibrations.” This determination and hard work allowed her to connect deeply with music.

Q23. Why does Evelyn say that men with bushy beards give her trouble?

Ans: Evelyn mentions that men with bushy beards give her trouble because:

• She needs to observe their entire face, particularly their eyes, to understand what they are saying.
• Watching just their lips is insufficient, as the lips are often partially hidden by the beard.

Q24. Which qualities of character enabled Evelyn to move ahead in life?

Ans: Unfaltering determination and hard work enabled Evelyn to advance in life without looking back. Rather than succumbing to her disability, she chose to overcome it and live a normal life.

Key qualities that contributed to her success include:

• Being a workaholic, she dedicated herself fully to her passion.
• Her decision to pursue music despite challenges.
• Receiving encouragement from percussionist Ron Forbes, who helped her discover her unique way of sensing sound.
• Her ability to feel vibrations in different parts of her body, which opened her mind to music.

Evelyn's journey is a testament to her resilience and commitment, leading her to achieve remarkable success in the music world.

Q25. How did Evelyn get admission to the Royal Academy of Music, London?

Ans: Evelyn auditioned for admission to the Royal Academy of Music in London. Her performance was exceptional, earning one of the highest scores in the academy's history.

As a result, she was selected for a three-year course.

Q26. What were Evelyn’s achievements after she joined the Royal Academy of Music, London?

Ans: At the Royal Academy of Music in London, Evelyn started as an orchestra performer and quickly progressed to solo performances. By the end of her three-year course, she had achieved:

• Transition from orchestral work to solo performances.
• Recognition for her talent, winning the top awards at the Academy.
• One of the highest marks in the Academy's history during her audition.

Her journey exemplifies determination and hard work, leading her to significant accomplishments in the music world.

Q27. What is Evelyn’s view of her achievements?

Ans: Evelyn is very modest and does not view her achievements as heroic. She believes that with clarity about one's goals and hard work, anyone can achieve success. For her, it is this hard work that has led to her accomplishments.

Q28. What reveals that Evelyn has succeeded immensely in her career?

Ans: Evelyn's immense success in her career is evident through several key achievements:

• She has mastery over approximately one thousand musical instruments.
• As a percussionist, she is highly regarded on an international scale.
• In 1991, she received the prestigious 'Soloist of the Year Award' from the Royal Philharmonic Society.
• Her dedication is reflected in her commitment to performing free concerts in prisons and hospitals.
• Evelyn prioritises teaching young musicians, inspiring them to pursue their dreams.
• She has achieved more than many people twice her age, bringing percussion to the forefront of orchestras.

Her journey showcases her determination and hard work, proving that with effort and focus, success is attainable.

Q29. Name the various places and causes for which Evelyn performs.

Ans: Evelyn performs in various venues and for multiple causes:

• Regular concerts on a global scale.
• Free concerts in prisons and hospitals.
• Classes for young musicians.

Q30. Who is James Blades? What is his opinion about Evelyn’s talent?

Ans: James Blades is a renowned master percussionist. He holds a profound opinion about Evelyn's talent:

• He believes that although she lost her hearing, she has gained something remarkable.
• According to him, the audience experiences what she feels, which is much deeper than what other percussionists perceive.
• This unique ability allows her to express music in a beautiful way.

Q31. How is Evelyn an inspiration for handicapped people?

Ans: Evelyn's achievements serve as a powerful example for those with disabilities. Her journey demonstrates that:

• Determination and hard work can lead to success.
• People can gain confidence from her story.
• Overcoming challenges is possible, inspiring others to pursue their own goals.

By showing that she can achieve her dreams despite her handicap, Evelyn encourages others to believe in themselves and strive for their aspirations.

Q32. What is Evelyn’s contribution to percussion?

Ans: Evelyn has made significant contributions to percussion by:

• Bringing percussion to the forefront of the orchestra.
• Demonstrating that the music from percussion instruments can be deeply moving and emotionally impactful.
• Inspiring others, especially those with disabilities, to pursue their passions.
• Performing in various venues, including prisons and hospitals, and prioritising education for young musicians.

Her achievements have shown that, despite challenges, one can excel in music and touch the hearts of many.

Q33. What did Aurangzeb do to the playing of pungi in his royal residence?

Ans: Aurangzeb banned the playing of the pungi in his royal residence due to its shrill and unpleasant sound.

Over time, a barber from a family of musicians aimed to improve the pungi's tonal quality. He:

• Used a longer and broader pipe with a natural hollow stem.
• Created seven holes on the pipe to modify the sound.
• Produced soft and melodious sounds by opening and closing the holes.

This improved instrument impressed the royalty and was eventually named the shehnai, as it was first played in the Shah's chambers by a barber.

Q34. Why did Aurangzeb ban the playing of pungi in his royal residence?

Ans: Aurangzeb banned the playing of pungi in his royal residence due to its shrill and unpleasant sound. This instrument, known for its harsh tones, was not suitable for the serene atmosphere of the palace.

To improve the musical quality, a barber from a family of musicians created a new instrument. He used a longer and broader pipe with seven holes, producing softer and more melodious sounds. This innovation led to the instrument being named shehnai, as it was first played in the Shah's chambers.

Q35. Which family did the barber belong to?

Ans: The barber belonged to a family of professional musicians.

Q36. Who invented `Shehnai’? 

Ans: A barber in Aurangzeb's court invented the shehnai. He aimed to enhance the sound of the pungi, which had been banned due to its unpleasant tone. To achieve this, he selected a longer and broader pipe, creating seven holes to improve its tonal quality.

The sound of the shehnai became associated with auspicious occasions, making it a vital part of North Indian weddings and temple ceremonies. Its revival and recognition as a classical instrument are credited to Ustad Bismillah Khan, who played a significant role in popularising it.

Q37. How many holes does a Shehnai have on its body? 

Ans: The shehnai has a total of seven holes on its body. These holes are essential for producing its unique and melodious sound. By covering and uncovering these holes, the musician can create a variety of notes and tones.

Q38. Where was Bismillah Khan born?

Ans: Bismillah Khan was born in Dumraon, a town in Bihar.

Q39. When was Bismillah Khan born?

Ans: Bismillah Khan was born on 21 March 1916.

Q40. Which highest civilian award in India was conferred on Bismillah Khan?

Ans: The Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award, which was conferred on Ustad Bismillah Khan in 2001.

• This prestigious award recognises exceptional service to the nation.
• Bismillah Khan was celebrated for his contributions to Indian classical music.
• He expressed his joy by encouraging others to teach music to children, highlighting its cultural significance.

Q41. What was the name of Bismillah’s grandfather?

Ans: Bismillah Khan's grandfather was named Rasool Bux Khan.

Q42. What was the name of Bismillah’s father?

Ans: His name was Paigambar Bux.

Q43. What was the profession of Bismillah’s paternal ancestors?

Ans: Bismillah Khan's paternal ancestors were renowned for their exceptional skills as shehnai players.

Q44. Who was Ali Bux?

Ans: Ali Bux was Bismillah Khan's maternal uncle.

Q45. When was All India Radio in Lucknow was opened?

Ans: All India Radio in Lucknow was opened in 1938.

Q46. What is Bismillah Khan’s special achievement on 15 August 1947?

Ans: Bismillah Khan made history on 15 August 1947 by becoming the first Indian to greet the nation with his shehnai.

On this significant day, he performed Raag Kafi from the Red Fort, captivating an audience that included Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, who later delivered his famous 'Tryst with Destiny' speech.

Q47. To which foreign country did Bismillah Khan go on his first trip?

Ans: Bismillah Khan made his first trip abroad to Afghanistan.

During this visit:

• He performed for King Zahir Shah.
• The king was so impressed that he gifted Bismillah valuable Persian carpets and other souvenirs.

Q48. Which film was made by Vijay Matt after hearing Bismillah’s Shehnai?

Ans: Gunj Uthi Shehnai was the film directed by Vijay Bhatt, inspired by Bismillah Khan's captivating performance of the shehnai at a festival.

• The film was a significant success, becoming a chartbuster.
• One of Bismillah Khan's songs, "Dil ka khilona hai toot gaya," gained nationwide popularity.
• Despite this success, Bismillah's film music contributions were limited to two films: Gunj Uthi Shehnai and Sanadhi Apanna.
• Bismillah Khan expressed discomfort with the artificiality of the film industry.

Q49. Which auditorium is named after Bismillah Khan in Tehran?

Ans: The auditorium named after Bismillah Khan in Tehran is called Tahar Mosiquee Ustaad Bismillah Khan.

Q50. What name is Bismillah Khan fondly called? 

Ans: Bismillah Khan is affectionately known as Khansaab.

Q51. When Bismillah Khan was in Mumbai, he missed two things badly. Name those two things. [Old NCERT]

Ans: While in Mumbai, Bismillah Khan deeply missed:

• Benaras
• Ganga

Q52. What did one of his students in the U.S.A. want him to do?

Ans: One of his students in the U.S.A. wanted him to lead a Shehnai school. The student promised to recreate the atmosphere of Benaras by replicating its temples. However, Khansaab questioned if he could also bring the River Ganga along.

Q53. Why did Aurangzeb ban the playing of the pungi?

Ans: Emperor Aurangzeb banned the playing of the pungi because he viewed it as a loud and unpleasant instrument. His specific reasons include:

• The pungi produced a shrill sound that was not suitable for the royal court.
• He considered it a noisemaker, lacking the musical quality expected in a royal setting.

As a result, the pungi was prohibited in the royal residence.

Q54. Why did the pungi become a generic name for “reeded noisemakers”?

Ans: The pungi is known for its loud, harsh sound, which led to its ban by Aurangzeb in the royal palace. This unpleasant noise, produced from a reed, resulted in the term becoming a generic name for “reeded noisemakers.”

Key points include:

• The pungi creates jarring music.
• Aurangzeb prohibited its use due to the noise.
• Its construction from a reed contributed to its classification.

Q55. How is a ‘shehnai’ different from a pungi?

Ans: The shehnai and pungi are both reeded instruments, but they have distinct differences:

• The shehnai has a longer and broader stem compared to the pungi.
• It produces soft, melodious sounds, whereas the pungi is known for its loud and jarring noise.

These differences contribute to the shehnai's popularity in traditional ceremonies and its perception as a more refined instrument.

Q56. Who revived the pungi, and what shape did it take?

Ans: When Aurangzeb banned the pungi in the royal palace, a barber from a family of musicians revived it. He made significant changes to the instrument:

• Used a longer and wider hollow stem.
• Added seven holes to enhance its sound.

The improved pungi produced soft and melodious sounds. After showcasing it to royalty, the instrument, distinct from the original pungi, was named the shehnai due to its first performance in the Shah's chambers by a nai (barber).

Q57. How did the ‘shehnai’ get its name?

Ans: It is believed that the name shehnai comes from a combination of two words: shah, meaning emperor, and nai, meaning barber. The story goes that a barber improved the pungi, a traditional instrument, and played it in the emperor's chamber.

To enhance the sound, he used a longer and broader pipe with seven holes. The melodious sounds produced impressed the audience, leading to the need for a new name for this distinct instrument. Thus, the name shehnai was born, reflecting its royal connection and the skill of its creator.

Q58. Why was the shehnai played in temples and weddings?

Ans: The shehnai is known for its melodic and soft sound, which is considered auspicious. This belief has led to its use in:

• Temples: The shehnai is played during religious ceremonies, enhancing the spiritual atmosphere.
• Weddings: It is an essential part of North Indian weddings, symbolising joy and celebration.

Historically, the shehnai was part of the naubat, a traditional ensemble of instruments used in royal courts. Its revival in classical music is largely credited to Ustad Bismillah Khan, who popularised it beyond its ceremonial roots.

Q59. Where was the shehnai played traditionally? How did Bismillah Khan change it?

Ans: Traditionally, the shehnai was played in royal courts as part of a group of nine instruments known as naubat. Bismillah Khan transformed it into a solo instrument, elevating its status within classical music.

• The shehnai is now considered auspicious and is commonly played at temples and weddings.
• Previously, it was mainly associated with royal ceremonies and religious events.
• Bismillah Khan's efforts brought the shehnai to the forefront of classical music.

Q60. Where did Bismillah Khan usually sing at the age of five? How was he rewarded, and by whom?

Ans: At the age of five, Bismillah Khan often sang the Bhojpuri 'chaita' at the Bihariji temple in his hometown of Dumraon, Bihar.

After his performance, he was rewarded with a large laddu weighing 1.25 kg, given to him as a prize by the local Maharaja.

Q61. What does the feature “The Shehnai of Bismillah Khan”, tell us about the paternal ancestors of Bismillah Khan?

Ans: Bismillah Khan came from a renowned family of musicians in Bihar.

• His grandfather, Rasool Bux Khan, was a shehnai player in the royal court of the Bhojpur king.
• His father, Paigambar Bux, was also a skilled shehnai player.
• Many of his paternal and maternal uncles were shehnai vaadaks (players).

Q62. Who was Ali Bux? Where was he employed, and what was his influence on Bismillah Khan?

Ans: Ali Bux was the maternal uncle of Bismillah Khan and served as his mentor and trainer. He was a talented shehnai player employed at the Vishnu temple in Benaras.

• Bismillah Khan began accompanying Ali Bux to the temple at a young age.
• He spent hours listening to his uncle play, which inspired him to learn.
• Under Ali Bux's guidance, Bismillah practiced diligently, often throughout the day.
• The temple and the banks of the Ganga became his favourite places to practise.
• The flowing waters of the Ganga motivated him to create new raagas.

At 14, Bismillah performed at the Allahabad Music Conference, where Ustad Faiyaz Khan encouraged him, saying, “Work hard and you shall make it.” His big break came with the launch of All India Radio in Lucknow in 1938.

Bismillah Khan, born on 21 March 1916, hailed from a renowned musical family in Bihar. His grandfather, Rasool Bux Khan, was a shehnai player for the Bhojpur king, and his father, Paigambar Bux, was also a skilled musician.

Q63. Which places were young Bismillah Khan’s favourite haunts for practising music? Why?

Ans: Young Bismillah Khan's favourite places for practising music included:

• The temples of Balaji and Mangala Maiya
• The banks of the Ganga

These locations were ideal for him because:

• He could practise his music in solitude.
• The flowing waters of the Ganga inspired him to improvise and create ragas.
• He explored musical ideas that were previously thought to be beyond the range of the shehnai.

Q64. When and how did Bismillah Khan get his big break?

Ans: The big break for Bismillah Khan occurred in 1938 with the launch of All India Radio in Lucknow. He was frequently invited to perform on the radio, quickly becoming a well-known shehnai player.

Q65. Where did Bismillah Khan play the shehnai on August 15, 1947? Why was the event historic?

Ans: Bismillah Khan played the shehnai on August 15, 1947, at the Red Fort in New Delhi, just before Pandit Nehru's speech. This event was historic because:

• India gained independence from British rule on this day.
• Bismillah Khan was the first Indian to greet the nation.
• He performed the Raag Kafi, pouring his heart into the music.

The performance marked a significant moment in India's history, symbolising the dawn of a new era.

Q66. Where did Bismillah Khan go on his first foreign trip? How was he honoured there?

Ans: Bismillah Khan's first foreign trip was to Afghanistan. During this visit, he performed a shehnai recital for King Zahir Shah, who was greatly impressed by his talent.

• The king honoured Bismillah Khan with priceless Persian carpets.
• He also received various other souvenirs as tokens of appreciation.

Q67. Why did the film director Vijay Bhatt name his film “Gunj Uthi Shehnai“?

Ans: Film director Vijay Bhatt was inspired to name his film Gunj Uthi Shehnai after attending a festival where he heard a captivating performance by Bismillah Khan on the shehnai. His fascination with the music led him to choose the instrument's name for his film.

The film was a success, and one of Bismillah Khan's songs, "Dil ka khilona hai toot gaya", became a nationwide hit. Despite this achievement, Bismillah's involvement in film music was limited to just two projects: Bhatt's Gunj Uthi Shehnai and another Kannada film.

Bismillah Khan expressed his discomfort with the artificiality of the film industry, preferring the authenticity of his musical roots.

Q68. Which films did Bismillah Khan provide music for? Why did he discontinue playing the shehnai for films?

Ans: Bismillah Khan entered the film industry with Vijay Bhatt's film Gunj Uthi Shehnai. He also contributed music to a Kannada film titled Samadhi Apanna.

Despite his success, he chose to leave the film world for several reasons:

• He felt that the artificiality and glamour of films did not align with his musical values.
• His musical style was more suited to traditional performances rather than the film industry.

Q69. How was Bismillah Khan’s music appreciated and recognized on the international level?

Ans: Bismillah Khan's music received significant international acclaim. Key recognitions include:

• First Indian invited to perform at the Lincoln Centre Hall in the USA.
• Participation in major events such as the World Exposition in Montreal, the Cannes Art Festival, and the Osaka Trade Fair.
• An auditorium in Teheran was named after him, recognising his influence.

Additionally, he was honoured with several prestigious awards:

• Padmashri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.
• In 2001, he received India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

Q70. How did India honour and reward the great musician, Bismillah Khan?

Ans: India honoured Bismillah Khan with several prestigious awards:

• He received the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.
• In 2001, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India.

His contributions to music were recognised internationally:

• Bismillah Khan was the first Indian to perform at the Lincoln Centre Hall in the USA.
• He participated in the World Exposition in Montreal, the Cannes Art Festival, and the Osaka Trade Fair.
• An auditorium in Tehran was named after him: Tahar Mosiquee Ustaad Bismillah Khan.

With his awards, he encouraged others, saying:

"Teach your children music; this is Hindustan's richest tradition."

Q71. Why did Bismillah Khan want the children in India to be taught music?

Ans: Bismillah Khan held a deep appreciation for Indian music, viewing Hindustani music as a vital part of the nation's heritage. He believed it was essential for children to:

• Maintain their connection to this rich tradition.
• Understand the significance of music, which even captivated audiences in the West.

By teaching music, he aimed to ensure that future generations would continue to cherish and promote this cultural legacy.

Q72. What offer did one of Bismillah Khan’s students in the US make to him? Why?

Ans: A student of Bismillah Khan, who had settled in the U.S., offered the maestro a position as the head of a shehnai school. This was to promote the rich tradition of Indian music abroad.

Q73. Why did Bismillah Khan refuse to start a shehnai school in the U.S.A.?

Ans: Bismillah Khan was a devoted patriot who had a deep love for Benaras and Dumraon in India. His affection for the Ganga was profound, and he felt a strong connection to the sacred river.

As a result, he declined the opportunity to settle in the U.S.A. and lead a shehnai school there. He believed that no matter how well the atmosphere of Benaras could be recreated, it could never replace the essence of the Ganga.

In his own words, he expressed a constant yearning for Hindustan, stating:

• “Whenever I am in a foreign country, I keep yearning to see Hindustan.”
• “While in Mumbai, I think of only Benaras and the holy Ganga.”
• “And while in Benaras, I miss the unique mattha of Dumraon.”

Q74. Why does the author believe that Bismillah Khan’s life is “a perfect example of the rich, cultural heritage of India”?

Ans: Bismillah Khan's life exemplifies the rich cultural heritage of India due to several key factors:

• India's liberal attitude towards various communities and religions fosters a diverse cultural landscape.
• Bismillah Khan, a devout Muslim, played the shehnai at the Kashi Vishwanath temple every morning, showcasing the harmony between different faiths.
• His life reflects the blend of various castes and creeds that characterises Indian culture.

Q75. Find instances in the text that tell you that Bismillah Khan loved India and Benaras.

Ans: Bismillah Khan's love for India and Benaras is evident through several instances:

• He declined an offer to lead a shehnai school in the US, despite promises from his students to recreate the atmosphere of Indian temples.
• In his acceptance speech for the Bharat Ratna, he described Hindustani music as India's richest heritage.
• He expressed a deep connection to his roots, stating that while abroad, he yearned to see Hindustan, particularly missing the holy Ganga and the unique mattha of Dumraon.
• When asked about migrating to Pakistan during Partition, he firmly stated he would never leave Benaras.

Q76. How did Evelyn sense the sounds and vibrations of the music?

Ans: Evelyn senses the sounds and vibrations of music by:

• Opening her mind and body to the music.
• Feeling different notes through various parts of her body.
• Experiencing the music as it tingles in her skin, cheekbones, and even hair.
• Using her fingertips to sense sound passing through the xylophone stick.
• Leaning against drums to feel the resonances flowing into her body.
• Removing her shoes on a wooden platform to let vibrations travel through her bare feet.

Q77. What was the contribution of Forbes in helping Evelyn to learn music?

Ans: Forbes significantly influenced Evelyn's musical journey by helping her connect with sound in a unique way. His methods included:

• Encouraging her to sense sounds and vibrations through her body rather than relying on her hearing.
• Tuning two large drums to different notes and asking her to feel the differences.
• Guiding her to recognise that she could perceive higher notes from the waist up and lower notes from the waist down.

Through this innovative approach, Evelyn learned to open her mind and body to sounds and vibrations, which laid the foundation for her determination and hard work in music.

Q78. How was Evelyn a source of great pleasure to her audience?

Ans: Evelyn was a source of great pleasure to her audience for several reasons:

• She was very young and performed despite her handicap.
• Her musical talent surpassed that of many people twice her age.
• She served as an inspiration for others with disabilities.
• Her performances have brought enormous joy to millions.

Q79. How is Evelyn able to express music so beautifully?

Ans: Evelyn expresses music beautifully despite being deaf because she can feel music more deeply than most people. This unique ability allows her to connect with music in a profound way.

• She experiences music through her entire body.
• Vibrations resonate in her skin, cheekbones, and even her hair.
• When playing instruments, she senses sounds in different parts of her body.

As master percussionist James Blades noted, although Evelyn has lost her hearing, she has gained an extraordinary way to experience and express music.

Q80. How was Evelyn able to get admission to the Royal Academy of Music?

Ans: Ron Forbes recognised Evelyn's musical potential early on. From that moment, she was determined to pursue a career in music. By the age of sixteen, she had made music her life.

She auditioned for the Royal Academy of Music and achieved one of the highest scores in the academy's history.

• Forbes encouraged her to sense music through vibrations rather than hearing.
• Evelyn learned to feel different notes in various parts of her body.
• Her hard work and determination led her to excel in music.

After her three-year course, she won several top awards, showcasing her talent and dedication.

Q81. Why does Evelyn remove her shoes on the wooden platform?

Ans: Evelyn removes her shoes on the wooden platform to enhance her musical experience. This allows the vibrations from the instruments to travel through her bare feet and up her legs.

• Feeling the music: She can sense the sound throughout her body.
• Echoes of sound: By leaning against the drums, she perceives the echoes flowing into her.

This unique approach helps her connect deeply with the music she plays.

Q82. How did Ron Forbes give Evelyn training in music?

Ans: Ron Forbes provided Evelyn with unique training in music by:

• Using two large drums tuned to different notes.
• Encouraging her to feel the music rather than just listen.
• Helping her realise that she could sense the higher drum from the waist up and the lower drum from the waist down.
• Reinforcing this method until she could perceive certain notes in various parts of her body.

Evelyn described this experience as learning to open her mind and body to sounds and vibrations, which became the foundation of her musical journey.

Q83. Where did Bismillah Khan play the Shehnai on 15 August 1947? Why was the event historic?

Ans: Bismillah Khan played the Shehnai from the Red Fort on 15th August 1947. This event was historic because:

• He was the first Indian to greet the nation on its first Independence Day.
• The performance was attended by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister, and many prominent leaders.
• Bismillah Khan performed Raag Kafi, pouring his heart into the music.

Q84. What were the recurring themes of Bismillah Khan’s music?

Ans: Bismillah Khan was deeply connected to his Indian roots. His music often reflected the following recurring themes:

• Ethics of temples: His compositions were influenced by the spiritual essence of temples.
• Human relationships: His music conveyed the importance of connections between people.
• Inspiration from nature: The flowing waters of the Ganga motivated him to create and enhance ragas.

Q85. How did pungi come to be named Whehnai’?

Ans: A barber from a family of musicians sought to enhance the pungi by using a longer and broader pipe with a hollow stem. He created seven holes along the pipe, allowing him to produce soft and melodious sounds by covering and uncovering these holes.

When he performed for the king, the audience was captivated by the new instrument. Since it was played by a barber in the Shah's chambers, it was named shehnai to distinguish it from the original pungi.

Q86. Bismillah Khan loved India and Benaras the most. Justify it by giving two instances from the text.

Ans: Bismillah Khan had a deep affection for Benaras and Dumraon, which he considered the most beautiful towns in the world. Here are two instances that illustrate his love for India:

• Whenever he was abroad, he longed to return to India. While in Mumbai, his thoughts were solely on Benaras and the sacred Ganga.
• Even when offered a chance to establish a shehnai school in the U.S.A., he questioned whether the Ganga could be transported, highlighting his attachment to his homeland.

Q87. How did the barber change the tonal quality of a pungi into the melodious voice of the Shehnai?

Ans: The barber improved the tonal quality of the pungi by:

• Choosing a pipe with a natural hollow stem that was longer and broader than the pungi.
• Making seven holes in the body of the pipe.
• Playing the instrument, which produced soft and melodious sounds.

When he performed before royalty, the instrument's unique sound impressed everyone. It was then named Shehnai, as it was first played in the Shah's chambers by a barber.

Q88. How did Ustad Bismillah Khan bring Shehnai to the classical stage?

Ans: Ustad Bismillah Khan was a renowned shehnai player who significantly elevated the instrument's status in classical music. He achieved this through the following:

• Invented several ragas and showcased them on the shehnai.
• His enchanting melodies captivated audiences, making the shehnai a popular instrument across India.
• Transformed the perception of the shehnai from a wedding and temple instrument to a respected classical one.

At a young age, Bismillah Khan was inspired by music, often visiting temples to sing and learn. His dedication and talent led him to perform at prestigious events, including the Allahabad Music Conference, where he received encouragement from established musicians. His big break came with the launch of All India Radio in 1938, which introduced his music to a wider audience.

After India's independence in 1947, he played the shehnai at the Red Fort, marking a historic moment for the nation. Bismillah Khan's contributions have left a lasting legacy, making the shehnai an integral part of Indian classical music.

Q89. What idea did Ustad Bismillah Khan hold about Hindustani music?

Ans: Ustad Bismillah Khan held a profound appreciation for Hindustani music. He believed that:

• Every child should learn Hindustani music.
• India boasts a rich musical tradition.
• People from the West come to India to learn our music.

He expressed his passion by saying, "Teach your children music; this is Hindustan's richest tradition." His love for music was deeply intertwined with his cultural identity.