Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE) PDF Download

The transformer is a static device which converts the magnetic energy into electrical energy. It consists of two or more than two stationary circuits interlinked by a common magnetic circuit; the energy transfer takes place through this circuit without having any change in frequency from one circuit to another.
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)
The transformer consists of two windings. The winding which is connected with the supply a.c. voltage is called the primary winding, and the winding which is connected to load and delivers the energy to load is called secondary winding.

E.M.F. Equation of a Transformer
Let the flux at any point is given by
φ = φm sin ω t
The instantaneous e.m.f. induced in a coil of T turns linked by this flux is given by Faraday's law as
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)
The above equation can also be written as
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Where Em = Tωφm = maximum value of e.
For sine wave, the r.m.s. value is given by
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)
This is called as e.m.f. equation of transformer.
Where,
φm is the maximum flux in webers (Wb)
f is the frequency in hertz (Hz)
E is the voltage in volts
T is number of turns in winding
The primary r.m.s. voltage is
E1 = 4.44φm fT1
The secondary r.m.s. voltage is
E2 = 4.44φm fT2

Voltage Ratio and Turns Ratio
The ratio E/T is called voltage per turn.
As we know
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)
Form equation 1 and 2
Single-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)

The ratioSingle-Phase Transformers | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE) is called truns ratio.
Step - up transformer: These are the transformer in which the output voltage is higher than the input voltage.
Step - down transformer: These are the transformer in which the output voltage is less than the input voltage.

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FAQs on Single-Phase Transformers - Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What is a single-phase transformer?
Ans. A single-phase transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It is primarily used for stepping up or stepping down voltage levels in electrical power systems.
2. How does a single-phase transformer work?
Ans. A single-phase transformer works based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an AC current flows through the primary winding, it creates a magnetic field that induces an alternating voltage in the secondary winding. The ratio of turns in the primary and secondary windings determines the voltage transformation ratio of the transformer.
3. What are the main components of a single-phase transformer?
Ans. The main components of a single-phase transformer include a primary winding, a secondary winding, a laminated iron core, and an insulating material. The windings are responsible for transferring electrical energy, while the iron core provides a low-reluctance path for the magnetic flux generated by the windings.
4. What are the applications of single-phase transformers?
Ans. Single-phase transformers find various applications in electrical power systems, including voltage conversion in distribution networks, voltage regulation in electronic equipment, and isolation between different circuits. They are also commonly used in residential and commercial buildings for stepping down high voltage utility power to lower voltages suitable for household appliances and lighting.
5. What are the advantages of single-phase transformers?
Ans. Some advantages of single-phase transformers include their compact size, simplicity in construction, ease of installation, and high efficiency. They are also cost-effective and provide reliable voltage regulation. Additionally, single-phase transformers are versatile and can be used in a wide range of applications due to their ability to step up or step down voltages as required.
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