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Past Year Questions: Fluid Properties and Manometry | Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE) PDF Download
Question 1. A closed tank contains 0.5 m thick layer of mercury (specific gravity = 13.6) at the bottom. A 2.0 m thick layer of water lies above the mercury layer. A 3.0 m thick layer of oil (specific gravity = 0.6) lies above the water layer. The space above the oil layer contains air under pressure. The gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank is 196.2 kN/m2. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. The value of pressure in the air space is [2018 : 2 Marks, Set-I]
(a) 92.214 kN/m2
(b) 95.644 kN/m2
(c) 98.922 kN/m2
(d) 99.321 kN/m2
Answer: (a)
Solution:
Note: It is a closed chamber, hence concept of absolute pressure cannot be applied.
Calculations have to be done in the form of gauge pressure.
Question 2. The figure shows a U-tube having a 5 mm x 5 mm square cross-section filled with mercury (specific gravity = 13.6) up to a height of 20 cm in each limb (open to the atmosphere).
If 5 cm3 of water is added to the right limb, the new height (in cm, up to two decimal places) of mercury in the Left limb will b e __________ . [2017 : 2 Marks, Set-II]
Solution: Volume of water added = 5 cm3
Cross-section of U tube
= 5 mm x 5 mm = 0.25 cm2
Height of water column in U tube
Now due to conservation of volume, rise in left limb will be equal to fall in right limb.
So, the new height (in cm to two decimal place of mercury in the left limb will be)
= 20 + 0.74 = 20.74 cm
Question 3. Group I contains the types of fluids while Group II contains the shear stress-rate of shear relationship of different types of fluids, as shown in the figure
The correct match between Group I and Group II is [2016 : 1 Mark, Set-II]
(a) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-5
(b) P-2, Q-5, R-4, S-1
(c) P-2, Q-4, R-5, S-3
(d) P-2, Q-1.R-3, S-4
Answer: (c)
Solution: 
Question 4. The dimension for kinematic viscosity is [2014 : 1 Mark, Set-I]
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Answer: (c)
Solution: The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s
∴ Dimension of kinematic viscosity [v]=L2/T.
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FAQs on Past Year Questions: Fluid Properties and Manometry - Fluid Mechanics for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
| 1. What are fluid properties? |  |
Fluid properties refer to the characteristics or attributes of a substance that determine its behavior when it is in a fluid state. These properties include density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, and specific gravity. Understanding fluid properties is crucial in various fields, such as engineering, physics, and chemistry, as they help predict and analyze the behavior of fluids in different applications.
| 2. How is density of a fluid defined? | |
Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance. In the context of fluid properties, it refers to the amount of mass contained within a given volume of fluid. Mathematically, density (ρ) is calculated by dividing the mass (m) of the fluid by its volume (V), using the equation ρ = m/V. The SI unit for density is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
| 3. What is viscosity and how does it affect fluid flow? | |
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow or its internal friction. It determines how easily a fluid can deform and how it responds to an applied force. High viscosity fluids, such as honey, have a thick consistency and flow slowly, while low viscosity fluids, such as water, flow more easily. Viscosity is influenced by factors like temperature and molecular structure. In fluid flow, viscosity affects the velocity profile and pressure drop within the fluid, with higher viscosity causing greater resistance to flow.
| 4. How is pressure defined in the context of fluid properties? | |
Pressure in fluid properties refers to the force exerted per unit area by a fluid on its surroundings. It is a measure of the distribution of forces within a fluid, resulting from the random motion of its molecules. Pressure is often denoted by the symbol P and is commonly measured in units of pascals (Pa). In fluid dynamics, pressure plays a crucial role in determining the direction and magnitude of fluid flow, as it drives the movement of fluids from areas of high pressure to low pressure.
| 5. What is manometry and how is it used to measure pressure? | |
Manometry is a technique used to measure and study fluid pressure. It involves the use of a manometer, which is a device that measures the pressure difference between two points in a fluid system. A common example of manometry is a U-tube manometer, where a fluid (usually a liquid) is filled into a U-shaped tube and the pressure difference is determined by measuring the difference in liquid levels in the two arms of the tube. Manometers are widely used in various industries, such as HVAC systems, medical applications, and fluid mechanics experiments, to accurately measure and monitor pressure.
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