Class 10 Exam  >  Class 10 Notes  >  Social Studies (SST) Class 10  >  Previous Year Questions: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Previous Year Questions 2025

Q1: Which one of the following regions became a part of unified Italy in 1866?
(a) Sardinia-Piedmont, 
(b) Venetia, 
(c) Sicily, 
(d) Papal State

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (B) Venetia
Explanation:

  • Venetia (1866): Venetia was ceded to Italy by Austria after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, following Italy’s alliance with Prussia.
  • Sardinia-Piedmont: This was the leading state in Italian unification, already unified by 1861.
  • Sicily: Part of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, it joined unified Italy in 1860 under Garibaldi’s campaign.
  • Papal State: Rome joined Italy in 1870, not 1866.


Q2: Analyse the significance of the Napoleonic Code in making the administrative system rational and efficient.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The Napoleonic Code streamlined administration and promoted equality.
Explanation:

  • Equality before the law: The Code abolished feudal privileges, ensuring all citizens were equal under the law, simplifying legal processes.
  • Secular legal system: It removed religious influences from administration, creating a uniform civil code across regions.
  • Property rights: Secured individual property rights, encouraging economic stability and administrative clarity.
  • Standardized measures: Introduced uniform weights, measures, and currency, facilitating trade and governance.
  • Centralized administration: Simplified bureaucratic processes, making governance more efficient across French territories.


Q3: How was liberalism allied to national unity in Europe in the early decades of the 19th century? Analyse.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Liberalism promoted national unity by advocating democratic and economic freedoms.
Explanation:

  • Political freedom: Liberals sought constitutional governments and individual rights, aligning with nationalist goals of self-governance, e.g., German liberals supporting unification.
  • Economic liberalism: Advocacy for free markets and the abolition of trade barriers, like the Zollverein in Germany, fostered economic unity, strengthening national identity.
  • Opposition to monarchy: Liberals opposed conservative monarchies post-1815, supporting nation-states based on popular sovereignty, e.g., Italian unification movements.
  • Cultural unity: Liberals emphasized shared language and history, encouraging nationalist movements in regions like Italy and Poland.
  • Secret societies: Liberal-nationalists formed groups like Young Italy to promote unified nation-states, linking liberal ideals with nationalism.


Q4: Analyse the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the unification of Italy.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Giuseppe Mazzini was a key ideologue and organizer in Italy’s unification.
Explanation:

  • Young Italy movement: Founded Young Italy in 1831, inspiring youth to work for a unified Italian republic based on liberty and equality.
  • Ideological influence: Promoted nationalism through writings, emphasizing Italy’s cultural and historical unity, motivating revolutionary activities.
  • Revolutionary efforts: Organized uprisings, though unsuccessful, to challenge Austrian and monarchical control, keeping the unification spirit alive.
  • Vision of democracy: Advocated for a democratic republic, influencing later unification efforts despite initial failures.
  • Inspiration for others: His ideas inspired leaders like Garibaldi, contributing to the eventual unification under Victor Emmanuel II.


Q5: "The 1830s were considered the beginning of great difficulties in Europe." Analyse the statement.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The 1830s saw economic and political challenges fueling unrest.
Explanation:

  • Economic hardship: Widespread poverty and unemployment due to early industrialization led to social unrest, e.g., workers’ revolts in England.
  • Food shortages: Poor harvests and rising food prices caused hunger, sparking protests across Europe.
  • Political repression: Conservative regimes post-1815 suppressed liberal and nationalist movements, driving them underground, e.g., secret societies in Germany.
  • Revolutions of 1830: Uprisings in France and Belgium against monarchical rule reflected growing demands for liberal reforms, creating instability.
  • Nationalist tensions: Emerging nationalist movements, like those in Poland and Italy, faced resistance from empires, intensifying conflicts.


Q6: "Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation in 19th century Europe." Evaluate the statement in the context of romanticism.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Romanticism shaped national identity through cultural expressions.
Explanation:

  • Emphasis on folk culture: Romanticism celebrated folk songs, dances, and traditions, e.g., German fairy tales by the Grimm Brothers, fostering national pride.
  • Language as identity: Romanticists promoted vernacular languages, like Polish or Italian, to unify people against foreign rule.
  • Art and literature: Paintings and writings, such as those by Eugene Delacroix, depicted national struggles, evoking patriotic sentiments.
  • Historical narratives: Romanticists revived historical myths and heroes, e.g., Joan of Arc in France, to inspire national unity.
  • Emotional appeal: Romanticism’s focus on emotion over reason strengthened collective identity, fueling nationalist movements.


Q7: "The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the Balkans." Evaluate the statement in context of Slavic Movement.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The Balkans became a hotspot for nationalist conflicts due to Slavic movements.
Explanation:

  • Slavic nationalism: Slavic groups sought independence from Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires, e.g., Serbs and Bulgarians, fueling tensions.
  • Ethnic diversity: The Balkans’ mix of ethnicities and religions led to competing nationalist claims, creating instability.
  • Imperial rivalries: Powers like Russia and Austria supported different Slavic groups, escalating conflicts, e.g., Russia’s backing of Serbia.
  • Revolts and wars: Balkan uprisings, like the Bosnian crisis, heightened tensions, contributing to the First World War.
  • Strategic importance: The region’s geopolitical significance made it a focal point for nationalist and imperial rivalries.


Q8: Arrange the following events in chronological order and choose the correct option: 
I. Defeat of Napoleon in the battle of Leipzig, 
II. Beginning of struggle for Greek independence, 
III. Formation of customs union Zollverein, 
IV. Signing of Treaty of Vienna.
(a) I, II, III, IV, 
(b) I, II, IV, III, 
(c) II, I, III, IV, 
(d) II, I, IV, III

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (B) I, II, IV, III
Explanation:

  • Defeat of Napoleon in Leipzig (1813): Occurred during the Napoleonic Wars, marking a key defeat.
  • Greek independence struggle (1821): Began with revolts against Ottoman rule.
  • Treaty of Vienna (1815): Signed post-Napoleon to restore European order.
  • Zollverein formation (1834): German customs union to promote economic unity.
  • Correct order: I (1813), II (1821), IV (1815), III (1834).


Q9: How did the French Revolution spread the spirit of nationalism in Europe? Explain with suitable arguments.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The French Revolution inspired nationalism through its ideals and actions.
Explanation:

  • Popular sovereignty: The revolution transferred power to citizens, inspiring movements for self-rule in Poland and Germany.
  • Liberty and equality: Revolutionary slogans motivated people to challenge monarchies, fostering nationalist aspirations.
  • National symbols: The tricolour flag and “La Marseillaise” became symbols of national unity, influencing other nations.
  • Napoleonic conquests: Spread revolutionary ideas across Europe, e.g., in Italy, sparking nationalist sentiments against foreign rule.
  • Constitutional ideals: The idea of a nation-state based on a constitution inspired liberal-nationalist movements.


Q10: How did the Greek freedom struggle arouse nationalist sentiments in Europe? Explain with suitable arguments.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The Greek struggle inspired European nationalism through its fight for independence.
Explanation:

  • Romantic inspiration: The Greek revolt (1821) against Ottoman rule was romanticized by poets like Byron, stirring European sympathy.
  • Support from liberals: European liberals supported Greek independence, seeing it as a fight for liberty, influencing other nationalist movements.
  • International intervention: Support from Britain, France, and Russia highlighted the power of nationalist causes, inspiring others.
  • Cultural revival: Emphasis on Greece’s historical legacy fueled nationalist pride in shared heritage across Europe.
  • Precedent for uprisings: Greek success by 1832 encouraged nationalist movements in Italy and Poland.


Q11: Read the following reasons of migration of people from Europe to America till the 19th century and choose the correct option: 
I. Poverty and hunger, 
II. Slaves for sale, 
III. Wide spread of diseases, 
IV. Religious conflicts and persecution.
(a) Only I, II, and III are correct. 
(b) Only II, III, and IV are correct. 
(c) Only I, III, and IV are correct. 
(d) Only I, II, and IV are correct.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (C) Only I, III, and IV are correct.
Explanation:

  • Poverty and hunger (I): Economic hardships drove many Europeans to seek better opportunities in America.
  • Widespread diseases (III): Epidemics and poor living conditions pushed people to migrate for healthier environments.
  • Religious conflicts (IV): Persecution, e.g., of Protestants in Catholic regions, led to migration for religious freedom.
  • Slaves for sale (II): Incorrect, as this refers to the African slave trade, not voluntary European migration.


Q12: In reference to the Germania allegory, the "olive branch around the sword" symbolizes which one of the following?
(a) Being freed, 
(b) Heroism and strength, 
(c) Willingness to make peace, 
(d) Beginning of a new era

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (C) Willingness to make peace
Explanation:

  • Germania allegory: Represents German nationhood, with the olive branch symbolizing peace and reconciliation, paired with the sword for strength.
  • Other Being freed (A) relates to broken chains, heroism (B) to the sword alone, and new era (D) is not specifically symbolized.


Q13: Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: (4 marks)
The Revolutionaries

During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground. Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. To be revolutionary at this time meant a commitment to oppose monarchical forms that had been established after the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom. Most of these revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle for freedom.

(i) Mention any one political demand of the liberals.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Constitutional government
Explanation:

  • Liberals demanded constitutional monarchies or republics to ensure individual rights and limit monarchical power.

(ii) Mention the main cause for the rise of secret societies in European States.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Fear of repression
Explanation:

  • Post-1815, conservative regimes suppressed liberal and nationalist ideas, forcing revolutionaries to form secret societies to avoid persecution.

(iii) Analyse the reasons for many liberal-nationalists going underground after 1815.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Repression and opposition to monarchies drove liberal-nationalists underground.
Explanation:

  • Conservative backlash: The Treaty of Vienna restored monarchies, suppressing liberal ideas, forcing activists into hiding.
  • Persecution fear: Secret societies like Young Italy emerged to safely promote liberty and nation-states against monarchical repression.


Q14: Arrange the following events in the chronological order and choose the correct option: 
I. The Treaty of Vienna, 
II. The beginning of Napoleonic wars, 
III. Proclamation of the Prussian King William I as German Emperor, 
IV. Proclamation of Victor Emmanuel II as the King of Italy.
(a) I, III, IV, and II, 
(b) II, IV, I, and III, 
(c) II, I, IV, and III, 
(d) III, II, IV, and I

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (c) II, I, IV, and III
Explanation:

  • Napoleonic wars (1803–1815): Began with Napoleon’s campaigns.
  • Treaty of Vienna (1815): Signed to reorganize Europe post-Napoleon.
  • Victor Emmanuel II as King of Italy (1861): Marked Italian unification.
  • Prussian King William I as German Emperor (1871): Marked German unification.

Correct order: II (1803), I (1815), IV (1861), III (1871).


Q15: Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R): 
Assertion (A): The French-speaking community was rich in comparison to Dutch-speaking community in Belgium. 
Reason (R): Dutch-speaking community got the benefit of economic development and education much later.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). 
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect. 
(d) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:

  • Assertion (A): The French-speaking community in Belgium was wealthier due to industrial advantages in Wallonia.
  • Reason (R): The Dutch-speaking community in Flanders lagged in economic and educational development, explaining their relative poverty.
  • Explanation link: (R) correctly explains why the French-speaking community was richer.


Q16: Describe the steps taken by French revolutionaries to create a sense of national unity and belonging.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: French revolutionaries fostered national unity through symbolic and administrative measures.
Explanation:

  • National symbols: Adopted the tricolour flag and “La Marseillaise” to instill pride and unity.
  • Uniform laws: The Napoleonic Code ensured equality before the law, creating a shared legal identity.
  • French language: Promoted a common language to unify diverse regions.


Q17: Describe the historical factors that contributed to the emergence of nationalist tensions in the Balkans.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Ethnic diversity and imperial rivalries fueled Balkan tensions.
Explanation:

  • Ethnic diversity: Multiple ethnic groups, like Serbs and Croats, sought independence, leading to conflicts.
  • Declining Ottoman rule: Weak Ottoman control sparked nationalist movements among Slavic groups.
  • Great power interference: Russia and Austria supported rival nationalist groups, escalating tensions.


Q18: Read the following facts related to 'Napoleonic Code' carefully and choose the correct option: 
I. Abolition of privileges based on birth. 
II. Establishing equality before the law. 
III. Securing property rights. IV. Imposing manorial dues on the peasants.
(a) only I, II, and III are correct. 
(b) only II, III, and IV are correct. 
(c) only I, II, and IV are correct. 
(d) only I, III, and IV are correct.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (A) only I, II, and III are correct.
Explanation:

  • Abolition of privileges (I): The Code ended feudal privileges, promoting equality.
  • Equality before the law (II): Ensured uniform legal treatment for all citizens.
  • Property rights (III): Secured individual property ownership.
  • Manorial dues (IV): Incorrect, as the Code abolished feudal dues, not imposed them.


Q19: "The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from monarchy to a body of French Citizens." Explain the statement.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The French Revolution shifted power to citizens, fostering democratic ideals.
Explanation:

  • End of monarchy: The 1789 revolution abolished absolute monarchy, establishing a constitutional framework.
  • Popular sovereignty: Power was transferred to citizens through elected assemblies, e.g., the National Assembly.
  • Constitutional reforms: The 1791 Constitution introduced limited monarchy and citizen rights.
  • National identity: Revolutionary ideals like liberty and equality unified citizens as a nation.
  • Spread of ideas: These changes inspired democratic and nationalist movements across Europe.


Q20: "During 19th century, in the economic sphere, liberalisation stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital." Explain the statement.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Economic liberalisation promoted free trade and market freedom.
Explanation:

  • Free markets: Liberals advocated removing state controls, enabling free trade, e.g., Zollverein in Germany.
  • Abolition of restrictions: Tariffs and trade barriers were reduced to facilitate goods movement.
  • Capital mobility: Liberal policies encouraged investment across regions, boosting economic unity.
  • Economic nationalism: Free markets supported national unity by integrating economies, e.g., in Italy.
  • Industrial growth: Liberalisation spurred industrialization by allowing capital flow, aiding national economies.


Q21: How did the tension in the Balkans region in 1871 become the major cause of the First World War? Explain.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Balkan tensions escalated conflicts leading to World War I.
Explanation:

  • Nationalist movements: Slavic groups’ independence struggles against Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian rule created instability.
  • Imperial rivalries: Russia and Austria’s competing interests in the Balkans heightened tensions.
  • Assassination trigger: The 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist sparked the war.
  • Alliances: Balkan conflicts activated alliance systems, pulling Europe into war.
  • Arms race: Tensions fueled militarization, contributing to the war’s outbreak.


Q22: Explain the programme for a unified Italian republic put forward by Giuseppe Mazzini in the decade of 1830.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Mazzini’s programme aimed for a democratic, unified Italy.
Explanation:

  • Young Italy: Founded in 1831 to promote a unified Italian republic through youth mobilization.
  • Democratic vision: Advocated for a republic based on universal suffrage and equality.
  • Revolutionary uprisings: Organized revolts against Austrian and monarchical rule, though unsuccessful.
  • Cultural nationalism: Emphasized Italy’s shared history and culture to inspire unity.
  • Propaganda: Spread nationalist ideas through writings, influencing future unification efforts.


Q23: Arrange the following regions of Italy in the order of their inclusion in the Unified Italy and choose the correct option: I. Venetia, II. Savoy Sardinia, III. Sicilies.
(a) I, II, and III, 
(b) II, III, and I, 
(c) I, III, and II, 
(d) II, I, and III

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (B) II, III, and I
Explanation:

  • Savoy Sardinia (II): The leading state in unification, forming the Kingdom of Italy by 1861.
  • Sicilies (III): Joined in 1860 after Garibaldi’s campaign.
  • Venetia (I): Incorporated in 1866 after the Austro-Prussian War.


Q24: Explain the functioning of conservative regimes established in France in 1815.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Conservative regimes in France post-1815 aimed to restore monarchical order.
Explanation:

  • Restoration of monarchy: Louis XVIII was reinstated under the Bourbon Restoration, following the Treaty of Vienna.
  • Limited constitutionalism: The Charter of 1814 introduced a limited monarchy with some liberal concessions, like a bicameral legislature.
  • Suppression of liberalism: Conservative regimes restricted revolutionary ideas, censoring press and limiting freedoms to maintain order.

Previous Year Questions 2024

Q1: Analyse the process of Italian unification.     (CBSE 2024)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Italy was unified after numerous struggles and movements as described below:
(1) Italy had a long history of political fragmentation among various dynastic states. Sardinia-Piedmont was the only one of seven states ruled by an Italian princely house.
(2) Other regions were ruled by non-Italian rulers. The Italian language had multiple regional and local variations.
(3) In 1830, Giuseppe Mazzini established a secret society called Young Italy and tried to bring about a revolutionary uprising but failed. Thereafter, war was the only resort left.
(4) Chief Minister Cavour led the movement of unification and diplomatically joined Sardinia-Piedmont, in an alliance with France after defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.
(5) Armed volunteers led by Giuseppe Garibaldi also supported the troops and they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. They were supported by peasants in driving out Spanish rulers.
(6) After continuous struggles, Victor Emmanuel II was finally declared the king of unified Italy in 1861.Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Q2: Analyse the process of German unification.     (CBSE 2024)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The process of nation state building in Germany took place in the following manner:
(1) Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle class Germans who tried to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation state governed by an elected parliament.
(2) This liberal movement faced repression from the monarchy and military, supported by the large landowners known as Junkers.
(3) Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. Its Chief Minister, Otto von Bismarck was the architect of this process, which was carried out with the help of the Prussian Army and bureaucracy.
(4) Over seven years, three wars against Austria, Denmark, and France resulted in Prussian victories, culminating in the unification of Germany.
(5) On 18 January 1871, the Prussian King, William I, was declared the German Emperor in a ceremony at Versailles.


Q3: There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below: 
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). 
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong. 
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Assertion (A): On Prussian initiative 'Zollverein' Custom Union was formed. 
Reason (R): It was to create unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people and capital.   (CBSE 2024)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)
Assertion (A): On Prussian initiative 'Zollverein' Customs Union was formed.
This statement is true. The Zollverein was indeed initiated by Prussia in the early 19th century, with the purpose of consolidating the fragmented German states economically.
Reason (R): It was to create a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people, and capital.
This statement is also true. The primary aim of the Zollverein was to eliminate internal tariffs and barriers among the German states, fostering an integrated economic zone where goods, people, and capital could move freely. This economic integration was seen as a step toward political unity in Germany.
Since both statements are true and the reason correctly explains the purpose behind the formation of the Zollverein Customs Union, the correct answer is (a): Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).


Q4: From which of the following countries Giuseppe Garibaldi belonged to?   (CBSE 2024)
(a) 
Austria 
(b) Italy 
(c) Greece 
(d) Spain

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (b) Italy 
Giuseppe Garibaldi was a key figure in the unification of Italy . He was an Italian general, politician, and revolutionary who played a major role in the Risorgimento , the movement for Italian unification.


Q5: Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements and choose the correct option.   (CBSE 2024)
Assertion (A): The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was Balkan. 
Reason (R): A large part of the Balkan was under the control of Ottoman Empire. 
(a) 
Both, (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
(b) Both, (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). 
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false. 
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true. 

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A). 

  • Assertion (A): The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the Balkans. This is true because the Balkans were a region of intense nationalist movements and conflicts, particularly between the different ethnic groups and empires.
  • Reason (R): A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. This is also true. The Ottoman Empire controlled much of the Balkan region, which contributed to nationalist tensions as various groups in the Balkans sought independence or autonomy.

The reason correctly explains the assertion, as the control of the Ottoman Empire over the Balkans was one of the key factors that led to nationalist tensions.

Q6: Arrange the following events in chronological order and choose the correct option from the following: (2024) 
I. Treaty of Constantinople 
II. Unification of Italy 
III. Defeat of Napoleon 
IV. Unification of Germany 
(a) 
I, II, IV and III 
(b) II, III, I and IV 
(c) III, I, II and IIV 
(d) IV, I, III and II 

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (c) III, I, II and IIV 
1. Defeat of Napoleon (III): Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 , marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars. This is the earliest event in the list.
2. Treaty of Constantinople (I): The Treaty of Constantinople was signed in 1832 . It recognized Greece as an independent nation after the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832). This event occurred after the defeat of Napoleon.
3. Unification of Italy  (II): The unification of Italy (also known as the Risorgimento) was completed in 1870 when Rome became the capital of Italy, following the capture of the Papal States. This happened just before the unification of Germany. The unification of Germany occurred in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War. This marked the formation of the German Empire under Prussian leadership.
4. Unification of Germany (IV): The unification of Germany occurred in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War. This marked the formation of the German Empire under Prussian leadership.
Chronological Order: III → I → II → IV
(Defeat of Napoleon → Treaty of Constantinople → Unification of Italy → Unification of Germany)
Correct Option: (c) II, I, IV and III

Previous Year Questions 2023

Q7: Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option: 
(I) Napoleonic wars 
(II) The Treaty of Vienna 
(III) Greek Struggle for Independence 
(IV) Slav Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire   (2023)
(a) III, II, I and IV
(b) I, II, III and IV
(c) IV, III, II and I
(d) IV, II, III and I        

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (b)
The following events took place in the following sequence: 
(1) Napoleonic wars- 1797 
(2) The Treaty of Vienna- 1814-1815 
(3) Greek Struggle for Independence- 1821 
(4) Slav Nationalism in Ottoman Empire-1905


Q8:  Explain Romanticism as a cultural movement in Europe.   (2023)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Romanticism was a significant cultural movement in Europe that fostered a unique sense of nationalist sentiment. Key features include:

  • Focus on emotions and intuition over reason and scientific thought.
  • Emphasis on mystical feelings and the collective heritage of nations.
  • Influence of artists and poets who celebrated cultural roots and common pasts.

Romanticism played a crucial role in shaping the idea of the nation through art, poetry, and music.


Q9: Explain Frederic Sorrieu's dream in the context of democratic and social republics in France during 1848.   (2023)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Frédéric Sorrieu was a French artist who, in 1848, created a series of four prints. These prints depicted his vision of a world composed of democratic and social republics.

  • The first print shows people from Europe and America, of all ages and backgrounds, marching towards the Statue of Liberty.
  • Liberty is represented as a female figure, holding the torch of Enlightenment and the Charter of the Rights of Man.
  • Above them, figures like Christ and angels symbolise fraternity among nations.
  • Sorrieu's work reflects the hopes for unity and democracy during a time of significant political change.


Q10: “Ideas of national unity in the early nineteenth-century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism.” Examine the statement. (CBSE 2023)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The ideas of national unity were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism in Europe during the nineteenth century. This can be asserted by the following statements: 
(1) The term liberalism is derived from the Latin word ‘liber’ which means free. Revolutionaries stood for the freedom of individuals and equality of all before the law. 
(2) Liberals began a revolution in 1848. They began many national movements pioneered by the educated middle class to fight for the cause of liberty, freedom and unification for their nation. 
(3) Politically, the idea of liberalism advocated for a constitutional and represented government through Parliament. Hence, the ideologies of liberalism and nationalism were closely allied.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Previous Year Questions 2022

Q11: Which type of governments were mainly driven in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815?  (2022)
(a) 
Conservative
(b) 
Liberal
(c) 
Federal
(d) 
Feudal    

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)

After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were primarily influenced by conservatism. Key characteristics included:

  • Emphasis on preserving traditional institutions such as the monarchy, the Church, and social hierarchies.
  • A recognition that modernisation could strengthen these institutions.
  • Formation of conservative regimes that were largely autocratic and intolerant of dissent.
  • Implementation of censorship laws to control public discourse.

The Congress of Vienna in 1815 aimed to restore the monarchies overthrown by Napoleon and establish a new conservative order in Europe.


Q12: Which one of the following groups of countries collectively defeated Napoleon in 1815?  (2022)
(a) 
Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria
(b) Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Australia
(c) Britain, Russia, Netherlands and Germany
(d) Britain, Luxembourg, Germany and Italy

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)
ln 1815, European powers like Britain, Russia; Prussia, and Austria collectively defeated Napoleon.


Q13: Industrialisation began in which one of the following  European countries in the second half of the eighteenth century?  (2022)
(a)
Germany
(b) France
(c) Italy
(d) England

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (d)

Industrialization began in England during the second half of the eighteenth century.

  • Other countries, such as France, Germany, and Italy, started industrialising later, mainly in the late nineteenth century.
  • This early industrialisation in England led to the rise of new social groups, including a working class and a middle class of industrialists and professionals.


Q14: In which one of the following countries did the first liberalist-nationalist upheaval take place in July  1830?  (2022)
(a)
France
(b) Germany
(c) England
(d) Italy

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)

In July 1830, the first liberalist-nationalist upheaval occurred in France.

  • The Bourbon kings, restored to power after 1815, were overthrown.
  • Liberal revolutionaries established a constitutional monarchy.
  • Louis Philippe became the head of this new government.
  • This revolution inspired further uprisings, including one in Brussels, leading to Belgium's independence.


Q15: Who among the following remarked “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”?  (2022)
(a)
Lord Byron
(b) Metternich
(c) Johann Herder
(d) Napoleon

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (b)

Metternich remarked, "When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches a cold." This statement was made in the context of the July Revolution in France, which ignited uprisings across Europe.

  • The July Revolution led to a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe as its head.
  • This event sparked an uprising in Brussels, contributing to Belgium's independence from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
  • Metternich's observation reflected the influence of France on the political landscape of Europe.


Q16: Read the facts regarding the Revolution of the Liberals in Europe during 1848 and choose the correct option:
I. Abdication of the monarch
II. Universal male suffrage had been proclaimed
III. Political Rights for women were given
IV. Freedom of the press has been asked for  (2022)
(a)
Only I and II are correct.
(b) Only I, II, and III are correct.
(c) Only I and IV are correct.
(d) only I, II, and IV are correct.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (d)

Regarding the 1848 Revolution of the Liberals in Europe, the correct facts include:

I. Abdication of the monarch
II. Universal male suffrage had been proclaimed
IV. Freedom of the press has been asked for

Political rights for women (III) were not typically granted during this period. Therefore, the correct options are I, II, and IV.


Q17: Which of the following is not a part of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain?  (2022)

(a) England
(b) Poland
(c) Scotland
(d) Ireland

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (b)
The United Kingdom (UK) is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Poland is not part of the UK, as it is a separate country in Europe. Hence, the correct answer is (b) Poland.


Q18: Who among the following was the architect of the unification of Germany?  (2022)
(a)
Otto Von Bismarck
(b) William I
(c) Frederick III
(d) William II  

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)

Otto Von Bismarck was the key figure in the unification of Germany.

  • He played a pivotal role in the process, which culminated in 1871.
  • Bismarck is often referred to as the architect of German unification.
  • His leadership involved strategic wars with Austria, Denmark, and France.
  • These conflicts ultimately led to Prussian victories and the formation of the German Empire.
  • In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was declared the German Emperor at Versailles.


Q19: Who among the following together a coherent programme Italian Republic during the 1830s?  (2022)
(a)
Victor Emmanuel I
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Giuseppe Mazzini
(d) Count Cavour

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (c)

Giuseppe Mazzini aimed to create a clear plan for a unified Italian Republic during the 1830s. He established a secret society called Young Italy to promote his vision.

  • Mazzini believed that Italy should not remain a collection of small states.
  • He envisioned a single, unified republic as essential for Italian freedom.
  • His ideas inspired similar secret societies across Europe.
  • Despite his efforts, revolutionary movements in 1831 and 1848 failed.
  • As a result, the task of unifying Italy fell to King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont.


Q20: Who among the following was proclaimed King of united Italy in 1861?  (2022)
(a) 
Charles I
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(d) Nero  

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (b)
In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the king of united Italy.


Q21: On which of the following modern aspects did the new Germany place a strong emphasis?  (2022)
I. Currency
II. Banking
III. Legal system
IV. Demography
(a) 
Only I and II are correct.
(b) Only II and III are correct.
(c) Only III and IV are correct.
(d) Only I, II, and III are correct.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (d)
The new German state placed a strong emphasis on modernizing the currency, banking, legal, and judicial systems.


Q22: Which one of the following Italian states was ruled by an Italian princely house?  (2022)
(a) 
Papal State
(b) Lombardy
(c) Venetia
(d) Sardinia-Piedmont

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (d)

Sardinia-Piedmont was the only Italian state ruled by an Italian princely house during the mid-nineteenth century.

  • Italy was divided into seven states at that time.
  • The northern regions were under the control of the Austrian Habsburgs.
  • The central area was governed by the Pope.
  • The southern parts were dominated by the Bourbon kings of Spain.

This division highlighted the political fragmentation of Italy before its unification.


Q23: Identify the characteristics of Cavour among the following and choose the correct option:
I. He was an Italian statesman.
II. He spoke French much better than Italian.
III. He was a tactful diplomat.
IV. He belonged to a Royal family.  (2022)
(a) 
Only I and II are correct.
(b) Only I, II, and III are correct.
(c) Only II, III, and IV are correct.
(d) Only I, II, and IV are correct.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (b)
Cavour did not belong to a Royal family. He belonged to a family that had served the House of Savoy as soldiers and officials.


Previous Year Questions 2021

Q24: Describe the major outcomes of the French Revolution of 1789.   (2021 C)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The major outcomes of the French Revolution of 1789 are as follows: 

  • It resulted in the transfer of power from King Louis XVI to the National Assembly.
  • A collective identity of the people developed.
  • The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
  • Jacobin clubs were set up for the propagation of liberal thoughts.
  • A new French Flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.
  • Regional dialects were discouraged and French became the common language of the nation.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Q25: Which type of governments were mainly driven in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815? 
(a) Conservative 
(b) Liberal 
(c) Federal 
(d) Feudal   (CBSE Term-1 2021)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)
After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were primarily conservative. The Congress of Vienna, held in 1815, aimed to restore pre-Napoleonic order and reinforce monarchical and aristocratic rule. The conservatives, led by figures like Austria's Prince Metternich, sought to suppress revolutionary ideas, maintain traditional power structures, and resist liberal and nationalist movements. This conservative dominance aimed to prevent the spread of the democratic and nationalist ideals that had emerged during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
Thus, the correct answer is (a) Conservative.


Q26: Who among the following was the architect for the unification of Germany ? 
(a) Otto von Bismarck 
(b) William I 
(c) Frederick III 
(d) William II   (CBSE Term-1 2021)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)
Otto von Bismarck, the Prime Minister of Prussia, was the key architect behind the unification of Germany. Through his policies of "blood and iron" and strategic wars (such as the Danish War, Austro-Prussian War, and Franco-Prussian War), Bismarck unified the various German states under Prussian leadership. His diplomatic skills and military strategies played a crucial role in consolidating the German Empire, which was officially declared in 1871 with the proclamation of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles.
Thus, the correct answer is (a) Otto von Bismarck.


Previous Year Questions 2020

Q27: Describe the unification process by which Germany unified as a nation state.  (CBSE 2016, 15)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The process of nation state building in Germany took place in the following manner: 
(1) Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle class Germans who tried to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation state governed by an elected parliament. 
(2) The liberal initiative of nation building was repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and the military. 
(3) Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. Its Chief Minister, Otto von Bismarck was the architect of this process, which was carried out with the help of the Prussian Army and bureaucracy. 
(4) Three wars for over seven years ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification. 
(5) In January 1871, the Prussian King, William-I, was proclaimed the German emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.


Q28: Which of the following revolutions is called the first expression of 'Nationalism'?  (2020)
(a)
French Revolution
(b) Russian Revolution
(c) Glorious Revolution
(d) The Revolution of the Liberals

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)

The French Revolution of 1789 is regarded as the first clear expression of nationalism. It marked a significant shift in power from the monarchy to the people, establishing the idea that:

  • The nation is formed by its citizens.
  • People should unite for equality and self-governance.
  • The revolution inspired similar movements across Europe.

Therefore, the correct answer is (a) French Revolution.


Q29: Examine the significance of the Statue of Liberty in Frederic Sorrieu's paintings, ‘The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics'.  (2020)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The Statue of Liberty is depicted as a female figure holding the Torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of Rights in the other.

In the foreground, the shattered symbols of absolutist institutions represent the end of oppressive rule.

Sorrieu's vision portrays:

  • People from various nations, identifiable by their flags and national costumes.
  • The United States and Switzerland leading the procession, symbolising established nation-states.
  • A call for unity among nations, with a hopeful outlook for democracy.


Q30: Who among the following remarked “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”?  (2020)
(a)
Lord Byron
(b) Metternich
(c) Johann Herder
(d) Napoleon  

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (b)

Metternich remarked, "When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold." This statement followed the July Revolution in France, which ignited uprisings in various parts of Europe.

  • The revolution led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe as its head.
  • It also sparked a rebellion in Brussels, contributing to Belgium's independence from the Netherlands.


Q31:  How did the Greek War of Independence mobilize nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe? Explain  (2020)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Greek War of Independence mobilized the nationalist feelings in Europe in the following ways:
(i) Greece was viewed as a part of Europe that had been annexed by Ottomans and now needed to be liberated.
(ii) Greece was perceived as the foundation and cradle of civilization in Europe by poets and artists and this led to nationalist consciousness.
(iii) Greek nationalists received support from other Greeks living in exile.
(iv) Many Europeans had a natural sympathy for the ancient Greek civilization.
(v) Europeans and Greek nationalists were against the Muslim Empire.


Q32: Who among the following leaders formed a secret society called 'Young Italy’?  (2020)
(a) 
Victor Emmanuel II
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Count Cavour
(d) Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (b)

Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Young Italy in 1831. This society aimed to promote the idea of a united and independent Italian republic. Mazzini believed that:

  • Italy should be unified and free from foreign control.
  • National unity was essential for Italian liberty.
  • God intended nations to be the natural units of mankind.

Thus, the correct answer is (b) Giuseppe Mazzini.


Q33: Why was Otto Von Bismarck considered the chief architect of German unification? Choose the correct option from the following:  (2020)
(a)
He allied with Italy and France for the unification process.
(b) He granted autonomy to Prussia with the Conservatives.
(c) He carried the nation-building process with the army and the bureaucracy.
(d) He carried liberal and Romantic scholars for cultural movement.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (c)

Otto von Bismarck is regarded as the chief architect of German unification due to his pivotal role in the process. Key points include:

  • He led the movement for national unification after the failed liberal initiatives of 1848.
  • Bismarck utilised the Prussian army and bureaucracy to achieve his goals.
  • He orchestrated three significant wars against Austria, Denmark, and France, which ended in Prussian victories.
  • These victories were crucial in consolidating the German states into a unified nation.
  • In January 1871, Bismarck's efforts culminated in the proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles.


Q34: Who was proclaimed as King of United Italy in 1861?  (2020)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy in 1861.

Despite this significant event:

  • Many Italians were unaware of the concept of a united Italy.
  • High illiteracy rates contributed to a lack of understanding of liberal-nationalist ideas.
  • Some peasants believed that "Italia" referred to Victor Emmanuel's wife.


Q35: Choose the correctly matched pair from the following: 
(a) Otto von Bismarck – Germany 
(b) Napoleon – Spain 
(c) Giuseppe Garibaldi – France 
(d) Bourbon Kings – Italy (CBSE 2020) 

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: (a)
(a) Otto von Bismarck – Germany: Correct. Otto von Bismarck was the Prussian statesman who played a leading role in the unification of Germany in 1871, making him closely associated with German history.
(b) Napoleon – Spain: Incorrect. Napoleon Bonaparte was the Emperor of France, not Spain. Although he invaded and occupied parts of Spain, he is historically associated with France.
(c) Giuseppe Garibaldi – France: Incorrect. Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian nationalist and revolutionary leader who played a key role in the unification of Italy, not France.
(d) Bourbon Kings – Italy: Incorrect. The Bourbon dynasty primarily ruled France and Spain. Although a branch of the Bourbon family did rule the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy, they are not associated with Italy as a whole.
Therefore, the correctly matched pair is (a) Otto von Bismarck – Germany.


Q36: Ideas of national unity in the early nineteenth century Europe allied to the ideology of liberalism. Examine this statement. (CBSE 2020)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The ideas of national unity in the early nineteenth century Europe allied to the ideology of liberalism in various ways: 
(1) With the invention of railway, mobility was stimulated resulting in harnessing economic interest for national unification. 
(2) The concept of government by consent was emphasised by liberals. 
(3) Liberals supported the creation of a unified economic territory. 
(4) Liberals stood for individual freedom and equality of all before law for the new middle class. 
(5) Liberalism stood for the end of autocracy and special privileges.


Previous Year Questions 2019

Q37:  How had the Napoleonic code been exported to the regions under French control? Explain with examples.  (2019)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The Napoleonic Code was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force in 1804. 

  • The Code was a major step in replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws. It has a special place as it is one of the few documents that have influenced the whole world. 
  • The Napoleonic Code was not the first legal code to be established in a European country with a civil legal system; it was preceded by many but it was, however, the first modern legal code to be adopted with a pan-European scope, and it strongly influenced the law of many of the countries formed during and after the Napoleonic Wars. 
  • The Napoleonic Code influenced developing countries outside Europe, especially in the Middle East, attempting to modernize their countries through legal reforms.


Q38: Describe the role of Otto von Bismarck in the making of Germany.  (2019)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, many Germans desired an independent Germany. The King of Prussia, Kaiser William I, appointed Chief Minister Bismarck to unify Germany under Prussian rule.

  • Bismarck was a determined leader who recognised the urgent need for unification. He began by modernising the army, even defying parliament to collect taxes. This approach became known as the “Blood and Iron” policy, earning him the title of the “Iron Chancellor”.
  • He significantly improved the army and encouraged the German populations of Schleswig and Holstein to revolt against Denmark. In 1864, Bismarck allied with Austria to defeat Denmark. Later, he also defeated Austria, leading to the formation of the North German Confederation.
  • Through skilled diplomacy, Bismarck managed to keep Italy, Russia, and Napoleon III of France from engaging in war.
  • The unification of Germany was completed under Kaiser William I in 1871. Germany then emerged as a leading power in Europe, expanding its colonial empire to enhance its economic interests and global influence.


Q39: Why was Otto von Bismarck considered as the architect of the unified Germany? (CBSE 2019)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Otto von Bismarck is regarded as the architect of a unified Germany due to his strategic leadership and military prowess. Key points include:

  • Bismarck utilised the Prussian army and bureaucracy to achieve unification.
  • He orchestrated three significant wars over seven years against Austria, Denmark, and France, all of which ended in Prussian victories.
  • In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was declared the German Emperor in a ceremony at Versailles, marking the completion of unification.

Previous Year Questions 2018

Q40: What do you understand by Liberalism? Describe their ideas in the political, social, and economic spheres. Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. What did it mean for the middle class in France? Explain.  (2018)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans:
(1) The term ‘liberalism’ is derived from the Latin word liber, meaning free. Thus, for the new middle classes, liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.

(2)
(a) Political ideas
(i) It emphasized the concept of government by consent.
(ii) Since the French Revolution, liberalism stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through Parliament.
(iii) It did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage. Thus in the 19th and 20th centuries, movements were demanding equal political rights.
(b) Social ideas: The liberals supported the abolition of discrimination based on birth.
(c) Economic ideas: It supported the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. During the 19th Century, this was a strong demand for the emerging middle classes.


Q41: Which power dominated the nation-building process in Germany?  (2018)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The dominant power in the nation-building process in Germany was the Prussian State.


Previous Year Questions 2017

Q42: Who founded the secret society, 'Young Italy', during the 1830s?  (Delhi 2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent program for a unitary Italian Republic. He formed a secret society called Young Italy.


Q43: Describe any three conditions that led to the formation of the British Nation-State. [CBSE Foreign-2017]

OR

In Britain, the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution. Validate the statement with relevant arguments.    (CBSE Foreign-2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The conditions that led to the formation of the British Nation State were:
(a) The primary identities of the people who inhabited the British Isles were ethnic ones - such as English, Welsh, Scot, or Irish. All of these ethnic groups had their own cultural and political traditions. But as the English nation steadily grew in wealth, importance, and power, it was able to extend its influence over the other nations of the islands.
(b) The English Parliament, which had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of a protracted conflict, was the instrument through which a nation-state, with England at its centre, came to be forged.
(c) The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant, in effect, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. The British parliament was henceforth dominated by its English members.


Q44: ‘Ideas of national unity in early nineteenth-century Europe was closely allied to the ideology of liberalism’. Support the statement with arguments.    (CBSE Sample Paper-2017, CBSE (Comp) 2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. Politically, it emphasized the concept of government by consent.
(a) Derived from’ liber’ means free.
(b) Stood for freedom for all and equality for all before the law.
(c) Politically -Government by consent.
(d) Universal suffrage, the right to vote for all.
(e) The French Revolution stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution, and a representative government through parliament.
(f) Struggles for equal political rights.
(g) It stressed on inviolability of private property.
(h) Freedom of markets and abolition of state restrictions.


Q45: Describe any three Economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1930s.

OR

Describe the great economic hardship that prevailed in Europe during the 1830s.

OR

The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in Europe. Explain how?

OR

“The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe”. Support the statement with arguments.    (CBSE (A1) 2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s :
(a) There was an enormous increase in population all over Europe. In most countries, there were more seekers of jobs than employment.
(b) Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.
(c) Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine-made goods from England.
(d) In those regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
(e) The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in towns and countries.


Q46: ‘The idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment of nationalism became a narrow creed with limited ends.’ Support the statement in the context of Balkan nationalism in the early 19th century.    (CBSE Sample Paper-2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The Balkans, which include modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, and Montenegro, experienced significant turmoil in the early 19th century due to various factors:

  • The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of romantic nationalism created a volatile environment.
  • European nationalities began to break free from Ottoman control, seeking independence.
  • Balkan revolutionaries aimed to reclaim their long-lost independence.
  • Intense rivalry existed among Balkan states, each wanting to expand their territory at the expense of others.
  • Major European powers, including Russia, Germany, England, and Austro-Hungary, competed for influence in the region.

These tensions ultimately contributed to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.


Q47: To which country did the artist Frederic Sorrieu belong?    (CBSE (Comptt.) 2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Frederic Sorrieu was an artist from France.


Q48: Why did French artist, Frederic Sorrieu prepare a series of prints based on democratic and socialist republics in 1848?    (CBSE Sample Paper-2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Frédéric Sorrieu created a series of prints in 1848 to illustrate his vision of a world composed of democratic and socialist republics. His prints aimed to:

  • Show the peoples of the world as distinct nations.
  • Highlight their identities through flags and national costumes.
  • Pay homage to the Statue of Liberty, symbolising freedom and enlightenment.

In this way, Sorrieu expressed his hope for a united and peaceful world.


Q49: Analyse the measures and practices introduced by the French Revolution to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
Or
Describe any five steps that were taken by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.    (CBSE 2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The French revolutionaries implemented several measures to foster a sense of collective identity among the French people:

  • The concepts of la Patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) were introduced, promoting unity and equal rights.
  • A new national flag, the tricolour, replaced the royal standard.
  • The Estates-General was renamed the National Assembly, representing the active citizens.
  • New hymns were composed, oaths were taken, and martyrs were commemorated in the name of the nation.
  • A centralised administrative system was established, creating uniform laws for all citizens.
  • Internal customs duties were abolished, facilitating trade.
  • A uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.
  • The French language, as spoken in Paris, became the common language, discouraging regional dialects.
  • The revolutionaries aimed to liberate other European peoples from despotism, promoting the idea of nationhood.

These steps not only unified the French people but also inspired movements across Europe.


Q50: Who hosted the ‘Vienna Congress’ in 1815? Analyze the main changes brought by the ‘Vienna Treaty.’
OR
Describe the main clauses of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815.    (CBSE Delhi 2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The main clauses of the Treaty of Vienna signed in 1815 were: Vienna Congress: The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor “Duke Metternich”.
(a) The Bourbon dynasty which had been deposed during the French Revolution was restored to power.
(b) France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
(c) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French extension in the future.
(d) Kingdom of the Netherlands including Belgium was set up.
(e) Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers.


Q51: Explain the nation-building process of Germany.
OR
Examine the Nation-State Building process in Germany after 1848.     (CBSE 2017, CBSE Sample Paper 2017)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: German Unification
(a) After 1848, nationalism in Europe moved away from its association with democracy and revolution.
(b) Nationalist sentiments were often mobilized by conservatives for promoting state power and achieving political domination over Europe.
(c) Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle-class Germans in the 19th Century.
(d) In 1848 they tried to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation-state governed by an elected parliament.
(e) This liberal initiative to nation-building was repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and the military, supported by the large landowners (called Junkers) of Prussia.
(f) Prussia took on the leadership of Otto von Bismarck, who became the architect of this process.
(g) Three wars over seven years - with Austria, Denmark, and France - ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification.
(h) On 18 January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was declared the German Emperor in a ceremony at Versailles.

Previous Year Questions 2016

Q52: What was the main aim of revolutionaries of Europe during the years following 1815?    (2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The main aim of the revolutionaries in Europe after 1815 was to:

  • Oppose monarchial governments established after the Vienna Congress.
  • Promote the idea of a united community with equal rights.
  • Advocate for a constitution that guarantees freedom and liberty.


Q53: What was the main aim of the Treaty of Vienna 1815?   (2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The main aim of the Treaty of Vienna (1815) was to:

  • Reverse changes made in Europe during the Napoleonic Wars.
  • Restore monarchies that had been overthrown.
  • Establish a new conservative order to prevent future conflicts.

Key outcomes included:

  • The restoration of the Bourbon dynasty in France.
  • France lost territories gained under Napoleon.
  • Creation of buffer states around France to limit its expansion.
  • New territories were allocated to Prussia and Austria.


Q54: What was the strong demand of the emerging middle classes in Europe during the nineteenth century?  (2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The strong demand of the emerging middle classes in Europe during the nineteenth century was for:

  • Freedom of the markets
  • Abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods

This reflected their desire for a more open and competitive economic environment.


Q55: Who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871?  (2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Kaiser William I of Prussia was proclaimed the German Emperor during a ceremony on 18 January 1871.

  • The event took place in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles.
  • It involved princes from various German states and key military representatives.
  • This proclamation marked the establishment of the German Empire.
  • The ceremony highlighted the dominance of Prussian state power in the unification of Germany.


Q56: What was the strong demand for the emerging middle classes in Europe during the nineteenth century?    (CBSE (F) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The strong demand from the emerging middle classes in Europe during the nineteenth century focused on:

  • The freedom of markets.
  • The abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods.
  • The free movement of capital.

These demands were crucial for fostering economic growth and promoting trade.


Q57: What was the objective of the Treaty of Vienna? OR What was the main aim of the Treaty of Vienna 1815?    (CBSE (F) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The objective of the Treaty of Vienna in 1815 was to:

  • Reverse changes from the Napoleonic Wars.
  • Restore the Bourbon dynasty, which had been removed during the French Revolution.
  • Limit French expansion by establishing new states around France.
  • Reinstate conservative monarchies across Europe.

This treaty aimed to create a new conservative order, ensuring stability and preventing future revolutions.


Q58: What was the meaning of liberalism in the early 19th century in Europe?    (CBSE (F) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The term liberalism is derived from the Latin word liber meaning free. Thus for the new middle classes, liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. Politically, it emphasized the concept of government by consent.


Q59: What does Metternich remark about events in France?  (CBSE 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Metternich remarked, “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches a cold”.


Q60: What was the main aim of revolutionaries of Europe during the years following 1815?    (CBSE Delhi 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The main aim of the revolutionaries in Europe after 1815 was to:

  • Oppose monarchical forms of government.
  • Promote liberty and freedom for individuals.
  • Establish nation-states as part of their struggle.


Q61: Name the Treaty of 1832 that recognized Greece as an independent nation.   (CBSE Delhi 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Treaty of 1832: Constantinople Treaty.


Q62: Name the event that mobilized nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848.    (CBSE Delhi 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: 

Event that mobilized nationalist feelings: The Greek War of Independence.

This conflict, which began in 1821, was significant for several reasons:

  • Greece had been under the control of the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century.
  • The rise of revolutionary nationalism in Europe inspired the Greek struggle for independence.
  • Support came from Greeks in exile and many Western Europeans who admired ancient Greek culture.
  • Prominent figures, such as the English poet Lord Byron, raised funds and fought in the war, ultimately dying in 1824.
  • The conflict concluded with the Treaty of Constantinople in 1832, recognising Greece as an independent nation.

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe


Q63: Who was proclaimed the King of United Italy in 1861?    (CBSE (AI) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of United Italy in 1861.

Key points:

  • He became king after the unification of various Italian states.
  • This unification was largely influenced by the efforts of leaders like Cavour and Garibaldi.
  • Despite this achievement, many Italians were unaware of the concept of a unified Italy.


Q64: What is an Allegory? State any one example to clarify the same.    (CBSE Sample Paper-2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Allegory: An allegory is a way of expressing an abstract idea through a person or object. It conveys deeper meanings beyond the literal interpretation.

Examples:

  • The Statue of Liberty represents freedom.
  • Marianne symbolises the French Republic.
  • Germania embodies the German nation.


Q65: Who remarked, “When France sneezes the rest of Europe catches a cold”.    (CBSE (AI) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Metternich remarked, "When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches a cold." This statement highlights the significant influence of France on European affairs.


Q66: Who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871?    (CBSE (AI) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Kaiser William I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor during a ceremony held at the Palace of Versailles on 18 January 1871.

Key points about the event:

  • The ceremony took place in the Hall of Mirrors, attended by princes of German states and military representatives.
  • This event marked the establishment of the new German Empire, highlighting Prussian dominance in the nation-building process.
  • Otto von Bismarck, the chief minister of Prussia, played a crucial role in orchestrating this unification.


Q67: Explain the role of romanticism in the national feeling.
OR
“The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial expansion. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.” Elaborate upon the statement.    (CBSE Sample Paper-2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation; art and poetry, stories and music. They all helped express and shape nationalist feelings.
(a) Romantic artists and poets created a sense of shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation.
(b) It was through folk songs, folk poetry, and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation was popularised.
(c) Emphasis was given to the vernacular language and the collection of folklore to carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences.


Q68: How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during the nineteenth century in Europe? Analyze.    (CBSE Delhi 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The female figures became a powerful allegory of the nation during the nineteenth century in Europe. This transformation can be understood through the following points:

  • Representation: Artists depicted nations as female figures, allowing a country to be visualised as a person.
  • Symbolism: The female figure did not represent any specific woman but embodied the abstract idea of the nation.
  • Concrete Form: This personification provided a tangible representation of the nation.
  • Historical Context: During the French Revolution, artists used female allegories to express concepts like Liberty, Justice, and the Republic.

For instance, in France, the female figure known as Marianne symbolised the nation, drawing characteristics from Liberty and the Republic, such as the red cap and tricolour. Statues of Marianne were placed in public spaces to remind citizens of their national identity.


Q69: “Culture had played an important role in the development of nationalism in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.” Support the statement with examples.   (CBSE (F) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Culture played a vital role in the development of nationalism in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 
Here are some key points:

  • Expression of Nationalism: Art, poetry, stories, and music helped to express and shape nationalist feelings.
  • Shared Heritage: The focus was on creating a sense of a shared cultural past as the foundation of a nation.
  • Critique of Rationalism: Many artists and thinkers criticised the overemphasis on reason and science.
  • Folk Culture: German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder promoted the spirit of the nation through folk songs, poetry, and dance.


Q70: “The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe.” Support that statement with arguments.

OR

Why was the decade of the 1830s known as the great economic hardship in Europe? Explain any three reasons.

OR

Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s.    (CBSE 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: The 1830s were the years of great economic hardship in Europe due to the following reasons;
(a) There was an enormous increase in population all over Europe.
(b) There were more seekers of jobs than employment.
(c) People migrated from rural areas to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.
(d) There was stiff competition between the products of small producers and machine-made products imported from England.
(e) Peasants’ condition was bad due to the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
(f) The prices of food had risen due to a bad harvest. This resulted in widespread pauperism in town and country.


Q71: Analyze the measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.    (CBSE Delhi 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries for collective identity:
(a) The ideas of la Patrie and le citoyen are emphasized.
(b) A new French flag, the tri-color was chosen.
(c) The Estate General was elected by the active citizens.
(d) The elected body of active citizens renamed as National Assembly.
(e) New hymns were composed.
(f) Oaths were taken
(g) Martyrs commemorated.
(h) A centralized administrative system was implemented.
(i) Formulated uniform laws.
(j) A uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.
(k) French became the common language of the nation.


Q72: “Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient.” Analyze the statement with arguments.    (CBSE (AI) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field, he had incorporated revolutionary principles to make the whole system more rational and efficient.
(a) All privileges based on birth were removed.
(b) He had established equality before the law.
(c) Right to property was given.
(d) Simplified administrative divisions were made.
(e) The feudal system was abolished and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
(f) Guild restrictions were removed.
(g) Transport and communication systems were improved.


Q73: “Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal democratic sentiment by the last quarter of the nineteenth century in Europe.” Analyze the statement with examples. (CBSE (F) 2016)

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in EuropeView Answer  Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Ans: Nationalism in Europe- The Balkans:
(a) During this period, nationalist groups become increasingly intolerant of each other.
(b) Manipulations of the nationalist aspirations were there.
(c) The Balkan was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
(d) Ideas of romantic nationalism spread in the Balkan.
(e) They claimed independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign domination.
(f) Russia, Germany, England, Austria-hungry were keen on countering the hold of other powers over the Balkans.
(g) This led to a series of wars in the region and finally the First World War.

The document Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe is a part of the Class 10 Course Social Studies (SST) Class 10.
All you need of Class 10 at this link: Class 10
66 videos|800 docs|79 tests

FAQs on Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

1. What were the main causes of the rise of nationalism in Europe during the 19th century?
Ans.The rise of nationalism in Europe during the 19th century was primarily caused by the influence of the French Revolution, the decline of empires such as the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, and the desire for self-determination among various ethnic groups. The spread of Enlightenment ideas also played a crucial role in encouraging people to seek national identity and unity.
2. How did the unification of Germany and Italy contribute to the nationalism movement?
Ans.The unification of Germany and Italy served as significant milestones in the nationalism movement by demonstrating how fragmented states could come together to form a single nation based on common language, culture, and history. Leaders like Otto von Bismarck in Germany and Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italy were pivotal in rallying support for national unification, inspiring other nationalist movements across Europe.
3. What role did the Congress of Vienna play in the rise of nationalism?
Ans.The Congress of Vienna, held in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars, aimed to restore balance and order in Europe but inadvertently fueled nationalist sentiments. The redrawing of borders and restoration of monarchies ignored the aspirations of various national groups, leading to dissatisfaction and the eventual rise of nationalist movements that sought to challenge the established order.
4. How did the concept of nationalism influence colonial territories in the 19th century?
Ans.Nationalism influenced colonial territories as colonized peoples began to seek independence and self-governance inspired by nationalist ideas. The desire for national identity and autonomy led to movements against colonial powers, as seen in regions like India and Africa, where people united to fight for their rights and freedom from foreign domination.
5. What were the social and cultural impacts of nationalism in Europe?
Ans.The social and cultural impacts of nationalism in Europe included the promotion of national languages, literature, and folklore as unifying elements of a nation. Nationalist movements encouraged a sense of pride and identity among citizens, leading to the celebration of national heroes, traditions, and historical narratives that fostered a collective national consciousness.
Related Searches

mock tests for examination

,

ppt

,

Important questions

,

Summary

,

Free

,

Objective type Questions

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

Semester Notes

,

Viva Questions

,

study material

,

pdf

,

MCQs

,

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

,

practice quizzes

,

video lectures

,

Class 10 History Chapter 1 Previous Year Questions - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

,

Sample Paper

,

Extra Questions

,

Exam

,

past year papers

;