NEET Previous Year Questions (2014-2025): Biomolecules | Chemistry Class 12 PDF Download

2025

Q1: Sugar ' X '   (NEET 2025)
A. is found in honey.
B. is a keto sugar.
C. exists in αα and ββ - anomeric forms.
D. is laevorotatory.
' X ' is :
(a) Maltose
(b) Sucrose
(c) D-Glucose
(d) D-Fructose
Ans: (d)

Sugar 'X' Properties and Identification

• Sugars are classified based on their chemical structure, optical activity, and functional groups.
• Anomers (α- and &beta-) are forms of sugars that differ in the configuration at the anomeric carbon.
• Keto sugars contain a ketone group, whereas aldo sugars contain an aldehyde group.

• A: Sugar 'X' is found in honey. This points to fructose, which is a major sugar in honey.
• B: Sugar 'X' is a keto sugar. Fructose has a ketone functional group, confirming it is a keto sugar.
• C: Sugar 'X' exists in α and β anomeric forms. Fructose exhibits these forms due to the configuration at its anomeric carbon.
• D: Sugar 'X' is laevorotatory. Fructose is known to rotate plane-polarized light to the left, making it laevorotatory.
• Thus, the sugar 'X' is D-Fructose.

Q2: Match List I with List II.  (NEET 2025)

	List-I  (Name of Vitamin)		List-II  (Deficiency disease)
A.	Vitamin B12$B12$	I.	Cheilosis
B.	Vitamin D$D$	II.	Convulsions
C.	Vitamin B2$B2$	III.	Rickets
D.	Vitamin B6$B6$	IV.	Pernicious anaemia

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
(a) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(b) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(c) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
(d) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Ans: (d)

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases

• Vitamins are essential micronutrients required for various physiological functions in the body.
• A deficiency of specific vitamins can lead to various diseases associated with impaired bodily functions.
• Key vitamins and their associated deficiency diseases:
  • Vitamin B₁₂: Deficiency causes Pernicious Anaemia, which leads to a reduction in red blood cell production.
  • Vitamin D: Deficiency leads to Rickets, causing weakened and soft bones in children.
  • Vitamin B₂: Deficiency results in Cheilosis, characterised by cracked lips and sores at the corners of the mouth.
  • Vitamin B₆: Deficiency can cause Convulsions due to its role in neurotransmitter synthesis.

EXPLANATION:

• Matching the vitamins from List I with their associated deficiency diseases in List II:
  • A. Vitamin B₁₂: Pernicious Anaemia (IV)
  • B. Vitamin D: Rickets (III)
  • C. Vitamin B₂: Cheilosis (I)
  • D. Vitamin B₆: Convulsions (II)

Therefore, the correct answer is Option (d): A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.

2024

Q1: The reagents with which glucose does not react to give the corresponding tests/products are
A. Tollen's reagent
B. Schiff's reagent
C. HCN
D. NH₂OH
E. NaHSO₃
Choose the correct options from the given below:
(a) B and C
(b) A and D
(c) B and E
(d) E and D         (NEET 2024)
Ans: (c)
Let's analyze each reagent and its reaction with glucose to determine which ones do not react accordingly.
Glucose is an aldohexose, meaning it has an aldehyde group in its straight-chain form and can form a cyclic hemiacetal structure. This structure is predominant under physiological conditions.
A. Tollen's Reagent: Tollen's reagent is a solution of silver nitrate in ammonia, used to detect reducing sugars. Glucose, having a free aldehyde group or an easily openable hemiacetal in its cyclic form, can reduce Tollen's reagent to metallic silver, showing a positive test. Thus, glucose reacts with Tollen's reagent.
B. Schiff's Reagent: Schiff's reagent is used to detect aldehydic groups. It is sensitive to free aldehydes, turning pink when aldehydes are present. Since the aldehyde form of glucose is present in very minute amounts at equilibrium (most glucose is in the cyclic form), it generally does not react strongly with Schiff's reagent, leading to a negative test.
C. HCN: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) can react with carbonyl groups to form cyanohydrins. In the case of glucose, the reactive aldehyde group can react with HCN to form glucosyl cyanohydrin. Thus, glucose does react with HCN.
D. NH₂OH (Hydroxylamine): Hydroxylamine reacts with carbonyl compounds to form oximes. Glucose, containing an aldehyde group, can react with hydroxylamine to form glucose oxime. Therefore, glucose reacts with hydroxylamine.
E. NaHSO₃ (Sodium Bisulfite): Sodium bisulfite reacts with aldehydes to form bisulfite adducts. However, because glucose in solution predominantly exists in its cyclic form rather than the open-chain form, it does not readily react with sodium bisulfite. Hence, glucose generally does not react with sodium bisulfite, unless placed under certain conditions that favor the open-chain form.
In conclusion, the reagents with which glucose does not react to give the corresponding tests/products are:
B. Schiff's Reagent and
E. NaHSO₃
Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: B and E.

Q2: Match List-II with List-II :                             (NEET 2024)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(b) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(c) A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
(d) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
Ans: (d)

• Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin and its deficiency leads to bleeding gums, which is associated with the body's impaired ability to clot.
  Therefore, Vitamin K corresponds to IV (Fat-soluble) in List-II.
• Vitamin B12 is crucial for the production of red blood cells (RBCs), and its deficiency can cause RBCs to be deficient in hemoglobin, leading to anemia.
  Therefore, Vitamin B12 corresponds to I (RBC deficient in hemoglobin) in List-II.
• Vitamin C is known for preventing scurvy, which leads to symptoms such as bleeding gums when the vitamin is deficient.
  Therefore, Vitamin C corresponds to II (Bleeding gums) in List-II.
• Vitamin B1 (also known as thiamine) is essential for energy metabolism and its deficiency can cause beriberi, characterized by symptoms like neurological issues.
  Therefore, Vitamin B1 corresponds to III (Thiamine) in List-II.

Thus, the correct match is Option (d): A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III.

Q3: Given below are two statements:        (NEET 2024)
Statement I: Glycogen is similar to amylose in its structure.
Statement II: Glycogen is found in yeast and fungi also.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect.
(b) Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct.
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
Ans: (b)
Statement I: Glycogen is similar to amylose in its structure.
Incorrect: While both glycogen and amylose are polysaccharides, their structures are different. Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose, while glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose with more frequent branching points. So, glycogen is not similar to amylose in structure.
Statement II: Glycogen is found in yeast and fungi also.
Correct: Glycogen is indeed found in yeast, fungi, and other organisms as a form of energy storage, similar to how it is found in animals.
Thus, the correct answer is (b): Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct.

2023

Q1: Given below are two statements:     (NEET 2023)
Statement I: A unit formed by the attachment of a base to 1' position of sugar is known as nucleoside.
Statement II: When nucleoside is linked to phosphorous acid at 5' -position of sugar moiety, we get nucleotide.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Ans: (c)
Base link with 1' position of sugar in nucleoside so statement I is correct.

When nucleoside is linked to phosphoric acid at 5' position of sugar moiety we get a nucleotide
Statement II is incorrect because not link with phosphorous acid.

• Statement I: Correct. A nucleoside is formed by the attachment of a nitrogenous base to the 1' position of a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) via a glycosidic bond.

• Statement II: Incorrect. A nucleotide is formed when a nucleoside is linked to phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), not phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃), at the 5' position of the sugar moiety. Phosphoric acid is a key component in the structure of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Conclusion: The correct answer is (c) Statement I is true, and Statement II is false.

Q2: Cheilosis occurs due to the deficiency of:   (NEET 2023)
(a) Thiamine
(b) Nicotinamide
(c) Pyridoxamine
(d) Riboflavin
Ans: (d)
Cheilosis refers to the condition of cracking or sores at the corners of the mouth, which is commonly associated with the deficiency of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2).
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) plays a critical role in the body's energy production and is important for the maintenance of healthy skin and mucous membranes. Deficiency of riboflavin leads to symptoms like cheilosis, angular stomatitis, and sore throat.
So, the correct answer is (d) Riboflavin.

2022

Q1: The incorrect statement about denaturation of proteins is :      (NEET 2022)
(a) Uncoiling of the helical structure takes place
(b) It results due to change of temperature and/or pH
(c) It results in loss of biological activity of proteins
(d) A protein is formed from amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Ans: (d)

• Proteins are polymers of α-amino acids and they are connected to each other by peptide bond, but this is not denaturation process.
• Due to denaturation globules unfold and helix get uncoiled and protein loses its biological activity.
• Denaturation can be caused if protein in its native form, is subjected to physical change like change in temperature or chemical change like change in pH

Q2: The incorrect statement regarding enzymes is  (NEET 2022)
(a) Enzymes are biocatalysts.
(b) Like chemical catalysts enzymes reduce the activation energy of bio processes.
(c) Enzymes are polysaccharides.
(d) Enzymes are very specific for a particular reaction and substrate.
Ans: (c)
Enzymes are complex nitrogenous organic compounds which are produced by living plants and animals. They are protein molecules of high molecular mass. They are not polysaccharides.

2021

Q1: Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Aspirin and Paracetamol belong to the class of narcotic analgesics.
Statement II : Morphine and Heroin are non-narcotic analgesics.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(d) Statement I is correct but Statement II is false      (NEET 2021)
Ans: (c)

• Aspirin and paracetamol belong to the class of non-narcotic analgesics.
• Morphine and Heroin are narcotic analgesics.

∴  Both statement I and Statement II are false.

2020

Q1: Sucrose on hydrolysis gives:      (NEET 2020)
(a) α-D-Glucose + β-D-Fructose
(b) α-D-Fructose + β-D-Fructose
(c) β-D-Glucose + α-D-Fructose
(d) α-D-Glucose + β-D-Glucose
Ans: (a)
Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharide units, glucose and fructose, joined together via a glycosidic bond. Upon hydrolysis, this bond is broken, and the two constituent monosaccharides are released. Hydrolysis of sucrose results in the formation of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. However, it is important to specify the configurations of these monosaccharides as they exist in specific forms.

This reflects the correct stereochemistry and identity of the monosaccharides produced from the hydrolysis of sucrose.

Q2: Which of the following is a basic amino acid?       (NEET 2020)
(a) Tyrosine 
(b) Lysine 
(c) Serine
(d) Alanine
Ans: (b)
Lysine is a basic amino acid it contains more number of − NH2 groups as compared to − COOH groups due to their symmetrical.

2019

Q1: The non-essential amino acid among the following is:    (NEET 2019)
(a) Valine
(b) Leucine
(c) Alanine
(d) Lysine
Ans: (c)
Non Essential amino acid is Alanine.

2018

Q1: The difference between amylose and amylopectin is    (NEET 2018)
(a) Amylopectin have 1 → 4 α-linkage and 1→ 6α-linkage
(b) Amylose have 1 → 4 α-linkage and 1→ 6β-linkage
(c) Amylopectin have 1 → 4 α-linkage and 1→ 6β-linkage
(d) Amylose is made up of glucose and galactose
Ans: (a)
Amylose is long unbranched chain with α-D-Glucose with held by C1–C4 glucosidic linkage whereas amylopectin is branched chain polymer of α-D glucose unit in which chain is formed by C1–C4 glycosidic linkage while branching occurs by C1–C6 glucosidic linkage.

Q2: Which of the following compounds can form a zwitterion ?    (NEET 2018)
(a) Aniline
(b) Acetanilide
(c) Benzoic acid
(d) Glycine
Ans: (d)

2017

Q.8. Which of the following statements is not correct :-     (NEET 2017)
(a) Ovalbumin is a simple food reserve in egg-white
(b) Blood proteins thrombin and fibrinogen are involved in blood clotting
(c) Denaturation makes the proteins more active
(d) Insulin maintanis sugar level in the blood of a human body
Ans: (c)
Denaturation changes the structure of a protein and protein loses its activity.

2016

Q1: In a protein molecule various amino acids are linked together by:    (NEET 2016 Phase 1)
(a) dative bond
(b) α-glycosidic bond
(c) β-glycosidic bond
(d) peptide bond
Ans: (d)
In a protein molecule various amino acids are linked together by peptide bond.

Q2: Which one given below is a non-reducing sugar ?    (NEET 2016 Phase 1)
(a) Sucrose
(b) Maltose
(c) Lactose
(d) Glucose
Ans: (a)
All monosaccharides whether aldoses or ketoses are reducing sugars. Disaccharides such as sucrose in which the two monosaccharide units are linked through their reducing centres i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are non-reducing.

Q3: The correct statement regarding RNA and DNA, respectively is:     (NEET 2016 Phase 1)
(a) The sugar component in RNA is 2'-deoxyribose and the sugar component in DNA is arabinose.
(b) The sugar component in RNA is arabinose and the sugar component in DNA is 2'-deoxyribose.
(c) The sugar component in RNA is ribose and the sugar component in DNA is 2'-deoxyribose.
(d) The sugar component in RNA is arabinose and the sugar component in DNA is ribose.
Ans: (c)
Sugar in DNA is 2'-deoxyribose whereas sugar in RNA is ribose.

Q4: The central dogma of molecular genetics states that the genetic information flows from
(a) Amino acids $\to$ Proteins $\to$ DNA
(b) DNA $\to$ Carbohydrates $\to$ Proteins
(c) DNA $\to$ RNA $\to$ Proteins
(d) DNA $\to$ RNA $\to$ Carbohydrates (NEET 2016 Phase 2)
Ans: (c)
The central dogma of molecular genetics is

Q5: The correct corresponding order of names of four aldoses with configuration given below

2014

Q1: Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings ?    (NEET 2014)
(a) Adrenaline
(b) Estradiol
(c) Thyroxin
(d) Insulin
Ans: (a)
Adrenaline is a hormone produced by adrenal glands during high stress or exciting situations. This powerful hormone is part of the human body’s acute stress response system, also called the fight or flight response

Q2: D(+) glucose reacts with hydroxyl amine and yields an oxime. The structure of the oxime would be:    (NEET 2014)
(a)