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Q.1. Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle      [CBSE PMT 1995; BHU 2000]
(a) Phosphorus and carbon dioxide
(b) Oxygen and nitrogen
(c) Phosphorus and nitrogen
(d) Phosphorus and sulphur
Ans: 
d
Solution: 

The elements main reservoir pool is lithosphere and the biogenetic materials involved in circulation are non-gaseous in sedimentary cycles. These cycles are usually very slow because the elements may get locked up in rocks and go out of circulation for long periods.

Q.2. When peacock eats snakes which eat insects thriving on green plants, the peacock is     [CPMT 2002]
(a) A primary consumer
(b) A primary decomposer
(c) Final decomposer
(d) The apex of food pyramid
Ans: 
d
Solution: 

Apex of the pyramid is the tip of the pyramids. Thus, when peacock eats snakes which eat insects thriving on green plants, the peacock is the apex of food pyramid.

Q.3. Ten percent law of energy transfer, in a food chain, was enunciated by     [AIIMS 2000; BHU 2000; CBSE PMT 2001]
(a) Elton
(b) Heackel
(c) Lindeman
(d) Schimper
Ans: 
c
Solution: 

Only about 10% of the biomass is transferred from one trophic level to the next one is a food chain. And only about 10% of chemical energy is retained at each trophic level. This is called 10% law of Lindeman (1942).

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FAQs on Solved Examples: Ecosystem - NCERT Exemplar & Revision Notes for NEET

1. What is an ecosystem?
Ans. An ecosystem refers to a community of living organisms, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, interacting with each other and their physical environment. It includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that function together as a unit.
2. How does an ecosystem function?
Ans. Ecosystems function through the interaction between its biotic and abiotic components. Producers, such as plants, convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. This energy is then transferred to consumers (animals) through feeding relationships. Decomposers break down dead organisms and organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. Additionally, abiotic factors like temperature, rainfall, and soil composition influence the distribution and behavior of organisms within the ecosystem.
3. What are the different types of ecosystems?
Ans. Ecosystems can be classified into various types based on their characteristics and geographical location. Some common types include terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands, deserts), aquatic ecosystems (marine, freshwater), and even artificial ecosystems like agricultural fields or urban parks. Each type has specific adaptations, species composition, and ecological processes unique to its environment.
4. How does human activity impact ecosystems?
Ans. Human activity can have both positive and negative impacts on ecosystems. Activities like deforestation, pollution, and overexploitation of natural resources can lead to the loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecological balance, and habitat destruction. On the other hand, conservation efforts, sustainable practices, and restoration projects can help protect and restore ecosystems, promoting their health and resilience.
5. Why is it important to study and understand ecosystems?
Ans. Studying ecosystems is crucial for understanding the interconnectedness of life on Earth and the delicate balance between organisms and their environment. It helps us comprehend the complex processes that sustain life, such as nutrient cycling, energy flow, and ecological interactions. Understanding ecosystems also aids in making informed decisions regarding conservation, resource management, and mitigating the impacts of human activities on the environment.
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