NEET Exam  >  NEET Notes  >  NCERT Exemplar & Revision Notes for NEET  >  Revision Notes: Biodiversity & Conservation

Biodiversity & Conservation Class 12 Notes Biology Chapter 13

(1) The vast array of species of micro-organisms, algae, fungi, plants and animals occurring on the earth either in the terrestrial or aquatic habitats and the ecological complexes of which they are a part.
(2) Diversity ranges from macromolecules to biomes.
(3) Biodiversity on earth exists in three levels of organization:
(i) Genetic diversity
(ii) Species diversity
(4) Genetic diversity
(i) It is related to the variations of genes within species.
(ii) The variations may be in different variants of same genes (alleles), in entire genes or in chromosomal structures.
(ii) Greater the genetic diversity among organisms of a species, more sustenance it has against environmental perturbations.
(iii) Genetically uniform populations are highly prone to diseases.
(5) Species diversity
(i) it is related to the variety of species within a region.
(ii) Species richness refers to the number of species per unit area.
(iii) Species Evenness refers to the relative abundance with which each species is represented in an area.

Biodiversity in India
(1) Out of the twelve mega biodiversity counties, India is one.
(2) India has 10 biogeographical regions, 89 national parks, 500 wild life sanctuaries, 14 biosphere reserves, 6 westlands and 35 world heritage sites.
(3) There are about 45,000 species of plants and about 90,000-1,00,000 species of animals.
Biodiversity & Conservation Class 12 Notes Biology Chapter 13
Patterns of Biodiversity
(1) Biodiversity changes with change in latitude or altitude.
(2) It is minimum at the poles and maximum near or at equator. Similarly, as one moves down from higher to lower altitudes, biodiversity is increased.

Loss of bio-diversity:
(1) Caused by three factors - Population, Urbanisation and Industrialisation.
(2) The colonisation of tropical Pacific Islands by human has led to the extinction of more than 2000 species of native birds.
(3) Loss of bio-diversity in a region leads to:
(i) decrease in plant production.
(ii) less resistance to environmental disturbances such as droughts.
(iii) increase in variability in ecosystem processes like plant productivity, water use, pest and disease cycles etc.

Biodiversity Conservation
In situ conservation

(1) The most appropriate method to maintain species of wild animals and plants in their natural habitats. This approach includes conservation and protection of the total ecosystems and its biodiversity through a network of protected areas.
(2) The common natural habitats (protected areas) that have been set for in-situ conservation of wild animals and plants include:
(i) National parks
(ii) Wild life sanctuaries
(iii) Biosphere reserves
(iv) Several wetlands, mangroves and coral reefs.
(v) Sacred grooves and lakes.
(3) Hot spot of biodiversity are those regions of rich biodiversity which have been declared sensitive due to direct or indirect interference of human activities.
(4) There are 25 terrestrial hot spots in the world including two from India.

Ex situ conservation 
(1) Threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care.
(2) Ex situ conservation includes the following:
(i) Sacred plants and home gardens
(ii) Seed banks, field gene banks, cryopreservation.
(iii) Botanical gardens, Arborata, Zoological gardens, Aquaria.

Convention on Biodiversity:
(1) “The earth Summit” held in Rio de Jeneiro in 1992 called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of its benefits.
(2) Second international Conference on Sustainable development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, 190 countries pledged their commitment to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local level.

The document Biodiversity & Conservation Class 12 Notes Biology Chapter 13 is a part of the NEET Course NCERT Exemplar & Revision Notes for NEET.
All you need of NEET at this link: NEET
182 docs

Up next

FAQs on Biodiversity & Conservation Class 12 Notes Biology Chapter 13

1. What is biodiversity and why is it important?
Ans. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in a particular habitat or on Earth as a whole. It encompasses different species, genetic variation within species, and diverse ecosystems. Biodiversity is important because it contributes to the stability and resilience of ecosystems, provides essential ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, supports human well-being, and offers potential for scientific discoveries and medical advancements.
2. How does biodiversity conservation contribute to sustainable development?
Ans. Biodiversity conservation plays a crucial role in sustainable development. It helps maintain ecosystem services that are vital for human well-being, such as clean air and water, food production, and climate regulation. Conserving biodiversity also supports economic activities such as tourism and ecotourism, which can generate income and employment opportunities. Additionally, conserving biodiversity promotes the preservation of traditional knowledge and cultural heritage tied to natural resources.
3. What are the main threats to biodiversity?
Ans. There are several main threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss and degradation, overexploitation of species, pollution, climate change, and invasive species. Habitat loss and degradation, mainly caused by human activities like deforestation and urbanization, are the greatest threats. Overexploitation refers to the unsustainable use of natural resources, such as overfishing or illegal wildlife trade. Pollution, climate change, and invasive species also have significant negative impacts on biodiversity.
4. How can individuals contribute to biodiversity conservation?
Ans. Individuals can contribute to biodiversity conservation in various ways. Some actions include supporting protected areas and national parks, practicing sustainable consumption and reducing waste, promoting organic and locally sourced products, planting native species in gardens, and participating in citizen science projects. Additionally, individuals can raise awareness about biodiversity conservation through education and advocacy, encouraging others to take action and make more sustainable choices.
5. What is the role of international agreements in biodiversity conservation?
Ans. International agreements play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation by promoting cooperation and coordination among countries. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is one such agreement that aims to conserve biodiversity, ensure the sustainable use of its components, and promote the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. These agreements facilitate the exchange of scientific knowledge, technology, and financial resources to support conservation efforts globally.
182 docs
Download as PDF

Up next

Explore Courses for NEET exam
Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

mock tests for examination

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

study material

,

Semester Notes

,

Sample Paper

,

pdf

,

Biodiversity & Conservation Class 12 Notes Biology Chapter 13

,

Extra Questions

,

Biodiversity & Conservation Class 12 Notes Biology Chapter 13

,

ppt

,

Viva Questions

,

Objective type Questions

,

Exam

,

Important questions

,

Biodiversity & Conservation Class 12 Notes Biology Chapter 13

,

video lectures

,

Summary

,

Free

,

MCQs

,

past year papers

,

practice quizzes

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

;