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Concept of Azeotropes - NEET PDF Download
AZEOTROPES
Azeotropes are defined as a mixture of two liquids which has a constant composition in liquid and vapour phase at all temperatures.
- Azeotropes can’t be separated by fractional distillation, as the composition of vapour phase remains same after boiling.
- Because of uniform composition azeotropes are also known as Constant Boiling Mixtures.
Each azeotrope has a characteristic boiling point.
The boiling point of an azeotrope is either less than the boiling point temperatures of any of its constituents (a positive azeotrope), or greater than the boiling point of any of its constituents (a negative azeotrope).
There are two types of Azeotropes
- Maximum Boiling Azeotrope
- Minimum Boiling Azeotrope
(i) Maximum Boiling Azeotrope: Maximum Boiling Azeotrope is formed when we mix two non-ideal solutions at some specific composition, showing large negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Examples:
- Nitric Acid (HNO3) (68%) and water (32%) form maximum boiling azeotrope at boiling temperature of 393.5 K
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) (20.24%) and water form maximum boiling azeotrope at boiling temperature of 373 K
(ii) Minimum Boiling Azeotrope: Minimum Boiling Azeotrope is formed when we mix two non-ideal solutions at some specific composition, which shows large positive deviation from Raoult’s Law.
Example: Ethanol ( 95.5%) and water (4.5%) form minimum boiling azeotrope at boiling temperature of 351.5 K
Types of azeotrope
FAQs on Concept of Azeotropes - NEET
| 1. What are azeotropes? |  |
Ans. Azeotropes are mixtures of two or more liquids that have a constant boiling point and composition. This means that the vapor produced during the boiling process has the same composition as the liquid mixture. Azeotropes cannot be separated into their individual components by simple distillation.
| 2. How are azeotropes different from regular mixtures? | |
Ans. Azeotropes are different from regular mixtures because they exhibit a constant boiling point and composition. In regular mixtures, the boiling point and composition may vary during the distillation process. Azeotropes are also challenging to separate into their individual components using conventional separation techniques.
| 3. What causes the formation of azeotropes? | |
Ans. Azeotropes are formed due to the chemical or molecular interactions between the components of the mixture. These interactions can result in the formation of a new compound or a complex mixture with unique properties. The formation of azeotropes is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and the composition of the mixture.
| 4. Can azeotropes be broken or separated? | |
Ans. Azeotropes can be broken or separated using specialized separation techniques such as azeotropic distillation or extractive distillation. These techniques involve the addition of an entrainer or a third component that alters the boiling point and composition of the mixture, allowing for the separation of the azeotropic mixture into its individual components.
| 5. What are some examples of azeotropes? | |
Ans. Some examples of azeotropes include the ethanol-water mixture, which forms an azeotrope with a boiling point of 78.2 degrees Celsius and a composition of 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water. Another example is the chloroform-methanol mixture, which forms an azeotrope with a boiling point of 57.9 degrees Celsius and a composition of 84.5% chloroform and 15.5% methanol.
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Dec 23, 2024 Last updated |
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