MONETARY POLICY
It is a macroeconomic policy tool in which the central bank (RBI) regulates the money supply and interest rates to control inflation, boost growth and stabilise currency.
Monetary policy is the process of managing a nations’ money supply to achieve specific goals - such as controlling inflation, achieving full employment etc.
TYPES OF MONETARY POLICY
(a) Expansionary: Increases the total supply of money in the economy by relaxing interest rates (cheap money).
(b) Contractionary: Reduces the money supply by increasing interest rates (dear money).
MONETARY POLICY TOOLS
To achieve the goals of monetary policy the following 2 types of tools are available to the RBI
1. Quantitative:It includes repo, reverse repo,open market operations , CRR and SLR.
(i) CRR: It is the portion of bank deposits that a bank should keep with the RBI in the form of cash.
(ii) SLR:It is the portion of time(fixed deposits) and demand(saving and current account)deposits of the banks that it should keep in the form of RBI approved liquid assets like cash, gold and government securities.
(iii) Repo rate: It is the rate at which RBI lends to the banks or injects money . It is used as the policy rate.
(iv) Reverse repo: It is the rate at which RBI borrows from the banks or sucks out excess money.
2. Qualitative Tools: These include Moral suasion, credit control and direct action.
(i) Credit rationing: A maximum limit to loans and advances to a particular sector is set by RBI.
(ii) Moral suasion: Is an informal tool to persuade banks to adopt a certain behavior, to lower interest rates or to lend to small businesses . It is moral encouragement.
(iii) Direct control: The RBI here takes control of the functioning of the bank and sets parameters of business itself.
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN BANKING
(i)In order to make the Reserve Bank of India more powerful, the Indian Government nationalised it on January 1,1949.
(ii)With a view to have the co-ordinated regulation of Indian banking, the Indian Banking Act was passed in March 1949.
(iii)According to this Act, the Reserve Bank of India was granted extended powers for the inspection of non-scheduled banks.
(iv)For the development of the banking facilities in the rural areas the Imperial Bank of India was partially nationalised on July 1, 1955 and it was named as the State Bank of India.
(v)Other 8 banks were converted as its associate banks which form what is named as the State Bank Group.
(vi)After one decade, on April 15, 1980, those 6 private sector banks whose reserves were more than Rs. 200 crore each were nationalised.
RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
FUNCTIONS OF THE RBI
MONETARY POLICY COMMITTEEIt was set up in 2016 after the Monetary Policy Framework Agreement which made inflation targeting a legal responsibility of RBI.
It amended the RBI act,1934.
It was recommended by the Urijit Patel committee in 2014.
Composition:3 members from RBI (Governor -who acts as the ex-officio chairman, RBI deputy governor, one official nominated by the RBI board) and 3 independent members to be selected by the government.
Functions of the MPC
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
RBI Monetary Policy
Introduction:
Reserve Bank of India has once again raised the repo rate. Monetary Policy Committee on took a unanimous decision to raise benchmark lending rate by 50 basis points to 5.40%. This is the third hike of policy repo rate by RBI this year after 40 basis points hike in May followed by another hike of 50 basis points in June. Pointing out that consumer price inflation or CPI remains uncomfortably high and is expected to remain above 6% RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das said MPC decided to focus on withdrawal of accommodative policy stance to check inflation. He also said domestic economic activity is showing signs of broadening and Bank credit growth has accelerated 14 pc as against 5.5 pc year ago. RBI has also retained its economic growth projection at 7.2 per cent for current fiscal.
Monetary Policy committee:
Monetary Policy objectives:
Challenges before the RBI:
Monetary Policy Instruments and how they are managed?
Quantitative Easing for India:
Rising Inflation over a period of time:
Inflation encourages current consumption (buy goods and services now before prices rise) and discourages savings.
Conclusion:
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1. What is monetary policy? | ![]() |
2. How does the Reserve Bank of India implement monetary policy? | ![]() |
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