Overview of Asexual reproduction with amazing codes and tricks to remember the concept. - Class 10 PDF Download

I'm explaining about the concept of Asexual reproduction which is belongs to the chapter "How do organism reproduce".


SO WHY LATE, LET US START THE CONCEPT...



Asexual reproduction:- It is a type of reproduction where only single parent is involved to produce offspring exactly similar to the parent. (OR) You can define it as "Reproduction which does not involve in fusion of gametes".


In Asexual reproduction, there are mainly six types. They are:-

(1) Fission.

(2) Fragmentation.

(3) Regeneration.

(4) Budding.

(5) Vegetative propagation.

(6) Spore formation.




Tricks to remember the types of Asexual reproduction..



Now, let us discuss all the types of Asexual reproduction one by one..


(1) Fission:- Division of organisms into two or more parts, each of which grows into a complete organism.


In Fission, there are mainly two types. They are:-

(a) Binary fission.

(b) Multiple fission.


(a) Binary fission:- Organism splits into two equal halves during cell division which can takes place in any plane.

Examples:- Amoeba, Bacteria.

In Leishmania (causes Kala - Azar) there is a whip like structure, binary fission takes place in definite orientation related to these structures.

Note:- Binary fission takes place when environmental condition is favourable.


(b) Multiple fission:- Nucleus will divide number of times inside the cell and each nuclei gets enclosed by Cytoplasm to form separate individual units. Thanks come out of parent cell after breaking wall of cell. (OR) In simple words, "Organism divides more than two pieces".

Examples:- Plasmodium (causes Malaria) , Paramecium.

Note:- Multiple fission takes place when environmental condition is not favourable.




Tricks to remember the definition of Fission and their types..



(2) Fragmentation:- An individual (organism) breaks into pieces on maturation and each pieces grows into new individual (organism).

Simple multicellular organism like Spirogyra having just connection of cells and cells are not specialized into tissue organs, organ system.

Note:- Advanced organisms are multicellular, but formed from single cell Zygote, which is result of fusion of male and female gamete. This Zygote is capable of growing proliferately and helps to make other cell types under right circumstances.




Tricks to learn the definition of Fragmentation..



(3) Regeneration:- Organism is cut or broken into multiple pieces, each give rise to new individual (organism).

Examples:- Hydra, Flatworms (Planaria), Tapeworm.

Note:- These organisms consist specialized cell all over the body, which proliferate into large number of cells, among these different cell undergo changes to become various cell type and tissue. This takes place in an organized sequence called "Development".

Development:- Growth of each part of body into entire organism takes place in an organized sequence.

Note:- Regeneration is not same as reproduction. Because, generally, organism would not depend on this method of cutoff to reproduce.




Tricks to learn the definition of Regeneration..



(4) Budding:- A bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one specific site of parent body. These buds are tiny individual and when fully mature, detaches from parent body to form (become) a new individual.

Example:- Hydra.




Tricks to learn the definition of Budding..



(5) Vegetative propagation:- In many plants, it's parts like root, stem and leaves develop into new plants under appropriate conditions. 

Examples:- Banana, Orange, Jasmine, Sugarcane.




Tricks to learn the definition of Vegetative propagation..


Vegetative propagation having two types. They are:-

(1) Natural vegetative propagation.

(2) Artificial vegetative propagation.



(1) Natural vegetative propagation:- Which takes place on their own.

Example:- Root → Sweet Potato.

Stem:- Stem having two types. They are:-

(a) Runners (Outside stem).
Examples:- Strawberry, Grass.

(b) Tubers (Inside stem).
Example:- Onion, Potato.


Leaves:- In Bryophyllum leaves, consist buds in the notches which falls off on the soil to developed to new plant.


(2) Artificial vegetative propagation:- Man made vegetative propagation.

Examples:- Cutting, Layering, Grafting.






Tricks to learn the concept of Natural vegetative propagation and Artificial vegetative propagation..



Tissue Culture:- The practice of growing plants, plant cells and tissue in a suitable synthetic cultural medium under controlled laboratory condition.





Tricks to remember the definition of Tissue Culture..




Advantages of Vegetative propagation:-

[•] It is only the method of reproduction of seedless plant.

[•] We get fully mature plant in very short time.

[•] Shortcut method for rapid multiplication.

[•] Helps to preserve pure character of parent.

[•] Easy and economial method for multiplication of ornamental plant.





Tricks to remember the Advantages of Vegetative propagation..




(6) Spore formation:- Spores are unicellular bodies in the parent, they are capable of growing into a new individual.

Example:- Rhizopus.




Tricks to learn the definition of Spore formation..




Advantages of Spore formation:-

[•] Simple but fast mode of reproduction.

[•] Being light weight, Spores disperse easily.

[•] Covered by thick wall to survive under unfavorable condition.





Tricks to learn the Advantages of Spore formation..




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