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Fundamental Duties in India - Article 51A | General Awareness & Knowledge - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT PDF Download

INTRODUCTION
42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution. 86th Amendment Act 2002 later added 11th Fundamental Duty to the list. Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties, the necessity of which was felt during the internal emergency of 1975-77.

The Fundamental Duties are dealt with Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution. The topic is important for IAS Exam as questions are recurring in all its three stages- Prelims, Mains and Interview.

Eleven Fundamental Duties in India
The fundamental duties which were added by the 42nd Amendment Act of the Constitution in 1976, in addition to creating and promoting culture, also strengthen the hands of the legislature in enforcing these duties vis-a-vis the fundamental rights.

The list of 11 Fundamental Duties under article 51-A to be obeyed by every Indian citizen is given in the table below:

Fundamental Duties in India - Article 51A | General Awareness & Knowledge - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT

Fundamental Duties in India - Article 51A | General Awareness & Knowledge - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT

Importance of Fundamental Duties- Part IV-A
Fundamental Duties are an inalienable part of fundamental rights. The importance of these are given in the table below:
Fundamental Duties in India - Article 51A | General Awareness & Knowledge - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT

Facts about Fundamental Duties for UPSC:
(i) Fundamental Duties are categorized into two – Moral Duty & Civic Duty

  • Moral Duty: cherishing noble ideals of freedom struggle
  • Civic Duty: respecting the Constitution, National Flag and National Anthem

(ii) They essentially contain just a codification of tasks integral to the Indian way of life
(iii) The Fundamental Duties are confined to Indian citizens only and do not extend to foreigners unlike a few Fundamental Rights
(iv) They are also nonjusticiable similar to Directive Principle of State Policies
(v) There is no legal sanction against their violation

Criticism of Fundamental Duties
The Fundamental Duties mentioned in Part IVA of the Constitution have been criticized on the following grounds:

  • They have been described by the critics as a code of moral precepts due to their non-justiciable character. Their inclusion in the Constitution was described by the critics as superfluous. This is because the duties included in the Constitution as fundamental would be performed by the people even though they were not incorporated into the Constitution.
  • Some of the duties are vague, ambiguous and difficult to be understood by the common man.
  • The list of duties is not exhaustive as it does not cover other important duties like casting vote, paying taxes, family planning and so on. In fact, the duty to pay taxes was recommended by the Swaran Singh Committee.
  • The critics said that the inclusion of fundamental duties as an appendage to Part IV of the Constitution has reduced their value and significance. They should have been added after Part III so as to keep them on par with Fundamental Rights.
  • Swaran Singh’s Committee recommended more than 10 Fundamental Duties, however, not all were included in the Constitution. 

Those duties recommended by the committee which were not accepted were:

  • Citizens to be penalized/punished by the parliament for any non-compliance with or refusal to observe any of the duties.
  • The punishments/penalties decided by the Parliament shall not be called in question in any court on the ground of infringement of any of Fundamental Rights or on the ground of repugnancy to any other provision of the Constitution.
  • Duty to pay taxes.
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FAQs on Fundamental Duties in India - Article 51A - General Awareness & Knowledge - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT

1. What are the fundamental duties in India?
Ans. The fundamental duties in India are a set of moral, ethical, and civic responsibilities that every citizen of India is expected to follow. These duties are enshrined in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution and include obligations such as respecting the national flag, promoting harmony, safeguarding public property, and striving towards excellence in all aspects of life.
2. Are fundamental duties legally enforceable in India?
Ans. No, fundamental duties are not legally enforceable in India. Unlike fundamental rights, which can be enforced through courts, fundamental duties are non-justiciable, meaning that there are no legal consequences for their violation. However, they serve as a reminder of the responsibilities that citizens have towards the nation and society.
3. How many fundamental duties are there in India?
Ans. There are a total of eleven fundamental duties listed in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution. These duties cover a wide range of aspects, including patriotism, respect for diversity, safeguarding public property, promoting scientific temper, and protecting the environment.
4. Can fundamental duties be amended or modified?
Ans. Yes, fundamental duties can be amended or modified by the Parliament of India. However, any such amendment requires a constitutional amendment, which involves a special majority in both houses of Parliament and ratification by at least half of the state legislatures. Since their inception, the fundamental duties have not undergone any amendments.
5. What is the significance of fundamental duties in India?
Ans. The fundamental duties in India hold significant importance as they emphasize the responsibilities of citizens towards the nation and society. They promote a sense of discipline, integrity, and civic consciousness among individuals. By following these duties, citizens contribute to the overall development and well-being of the country.
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