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PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT
Physical Property : The property which can be measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance is known as physical property.
Example : mass, volume, density, refractive index, boiling point, melting point etc.

Chemical Property : The property which can be evaluated at the cost of matter itself is known as chemical property.
For example oxygen gas can be verified by burning of flame in presence of oxygen gas.

Units for Measurement
All physical quantities have to be measured. The value of a physical quantity is expressed as the product of the numerical value and the unit in which it is expressed.

Fundamental Units 
Fundamental units are those units which can neither be derived from one another nor they can be further resolved into any other units.

  • Metric System was based on the decimal system.
  • The International System of Units (SI).

The International System of Units (in French Le Systeme International d’Unites– abbreviated as SI) was established by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM from ConferenceGenerale des Poids at Measures).
The SI system has seven base units.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11

SEVEN BASIC SI UNITS

The SEVEN FUNDAMENTAL UNITS of measurement in S.I. system.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11

DEFINITIONS OF SI BASE UNITS

  • Unit of length Metre : The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. Unit of mass kilogram
  • The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram.
  • Unit of time second : The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom.
  • Unit of electric current ampere : The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10–7 newton per metre of length.
  • Unit of thermodynamic kelvin : Is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
  • Unit of amount of substance mole : The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12; its symbol is “mol.” 2. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such particles.
  • Unit of luminous intensity candela : The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.

Derived units
Some quantities are expressed as a function of more than one fundamental units known as derived units. For example velocity, acceleration, work, energy, area, density etc.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11

Try Yourself!
Q.1. The temperature at which both the Celsius and Fathrenheit scales will have the same reading is 
(a) −10° 
(b) − 20° 
(c) −30° 
(d) − 40°
Ans. (d)
Solution. Suppose both read the same value as “x”
Then as PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11 or 9x = 5x - 160
or 4x = −160 or x = − 40°

Q.2. Pressure is determined as force per unit area of surface. The SI unit of pressure, pascal is as shown below:

1Pa = 1Nm−2 If the mass of air at sea level is 1034 g cm-2, the pressure in pascal is
(a) 1.01 x 106 
(b) 1.01 x 107 
(c) 1.01 x 105 
(d) 1.01 x 10
5
Ans. (c)
Solution. Pressure is the force (i.e., weight) acting per unit area But weight = mg
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11
= 1.01332 x 105 Pa ≅ 1.01 x 105 Pa

Q.3. The prefix femto stands for 

(a) 109 
(b) 10-12 
(c) 10-15 
(d) 105
Ans. (c)
Solution. 1 femto = 10-15 

Q.4. N kg-1 is the unit of
(a) Momentum
(b) Velocity
(c) Pressure
(d) Acceleration
Ans. 
(d)
Solution. Force = mass x acceleration.

Hence, a = F / m = N / kg = N kg-1.

Q.5. Which of the following is correct?
(a) 1 L = 1 dm3 
(b) 1 L = 10 dm3 
(c) 10 L = 1 dm3 
(d) 1 L = 1 m3

Ans. (c)
Solution. I L = 1000 cm3 = 1000 (0.1dm)3 =1dm3.

Q.6. The units, nanometer, Fermi, Angstrom and attometre, Arrangement in decreasing order are expressed as
(a) Angstrom, nanometer, Fermi, attometre
(b) Fermi, attometre, angstrom, nanometer
(c) Nanometer, angstrom, Fermi, attometre
(d) Attometre, angstrom, Fermi, nanometer

Ans. (c)
Solution. 1 nm = 10-9 m, 1 fermi =10-15 m,
1 A° = 10-10 m, 1 attometre = 10-18 m.

Q.7. Dimensions of pressure are same as that of
(a) Energy
(b) Force
(c) Energy per unit volume
(d) Force per unit volume

Ans. (c)
Solution. 
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11

The document PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11 is a part of Class 11 category.
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FAQs on PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT - Class 11

1. What are the properties of matter?
Ans. The properties of matter refer to the characteristics or qualities that help identify and describe different substances. These properties can be classified into two categories: physical properties and chemical properties. Physical properties include color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and conductivity, while chemical properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances, such as its ability to react or undergo chemical changes.
2. How are physical properties of matter measured?
Ans. Physical properties of matter can be measured using various techniques and instruments. For example, the color of a substance can be observed visually, while the odor can be detected using the sense of smell. Density can be measured by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume, while melting and boiling points can be determined using specialized equipment such as a thermometer or a melting point apparatus. Conductivity can be measured by testing the ability of a substance to conduct electricity using a conductivity meter.
3. What are some examples of chemical properties of matter?
Ans. Chemical properties of matter describe how a substance behaves when it undergoes a chemical change or reacts with other substances. Examples of chemical properties include flammability (the ability to burn), reactivity (the ability to react with other substances), acidity or alkalinity (pH), and stability (the tendency to decompose or remain unchanged). These properties are usually observed when a substance reacts with another substance, producing new substances with different properties.
4. How can we determine the melting point of a substance?
Ans. The melting point of a substance can be determined by using a melting point apparatus. In this instrument, a small amount of the substance is placed in a capillary tube, which is then inserted into a heating block. The temperature of the heating block is gradually increased, and the temperature at which the substance starts to melt and turn into a liquid is recorded. This temperature is the melting point of the substance. The process is usually repeated multiple times to ensure accuracy.
5. What is density and how is it measured?
Ans. Density is a physical property of matter that refers to the amount of mass per unit volume of a substance. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its volume. The formula for density is density = mass/volume. The unit of density is typically grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). To measure the density of a substance, the mass is measured using a balance, and the volume can be determined by various methods depending on the shape of the substance, such as using a ruler for regular-shaped objects or by displacement for irregular-shaped objects.
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