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Mind Map: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET PDF Download

Mind Map: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET

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FAQs on Mind Map: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What are the principles of inheritance and variation?
Ans. The principles of inheritance and variation are the fundamental concepts in genetics that explain how traits are passed down from one generation to another and how new variations arise. These principles include Mendel's laws of inheritance, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, as well as the concept of genetic recombination.
2. How does the law of segregation explain inheritance?
Ans. The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for each gene segregate (separate) from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele. This ensures that each offspring receives one allele from each parent, which determines the expression of a particular trait.
3. What is genetic recombination and how does it contribute to variation?
Ans. Genetic recombination is the process by which genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. This results in the creation of new combinations of alleles, leading to genetic variation. Genetic recombination can occur through crossing over, where segments of DNA are exchanged between chromosomes, and independent assortment, where different homologous pairs line up randomly during meiosis.
4. What is the role of DNA in inheritance and variation?
Ans. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. It contains genes, which are segments of DNA that determine specific traits. Through DNA replication, cells can pass on identical copies of their DNA to offspring, ensuring the inheritance of genetic information. DNA mutations and genetic recombination contribute to variation by introducing new genetic changes and combinations.
5. How do environmental factors influence inheritance and variation?
Ans. Environmental factors can interact with genetic factors to influence the expression of traits and contribute to variation. For example, certain environmental conditions can affect gene expression, leading to different phenotypic outcomes. Additionally, environmental factors can also influence the survival and reproduction of individuals with certain traits, which can impact the frequency of those traits in future generations.
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