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FAQs on Mindmap: Thermodynamics - Chemistry Class 11 - NEET
| 1. What is the first law of thermodynamics and how does it apply to energy conservation? |  |
Ans.The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. In practical terms, this means that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. For example, when a gas expands in a piston, the work done by the gas comes from its internal energy, demonstrating the conversion of energy between work and heat.
| 2. What is the difference between temperature and heat in thermodynamics? | |
Ans.Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, reflecting how hot or cold it is. Heat, on the other hand, refers to the transfer of thermal energy between systems or objects due to a temperature difference. While temperature is a property of a system, heat is the energy in transit.
| 3. Can you explain the concept of entropy and its significance in thermodynamics? | |
Ans.Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. In thermodynamics, it is a central concept that reflects the number of microstates corresponding to a thermodynamic state. The second law of thermodynamics states that in an isolated system, the total entropy can never decrease over time, which implies that natural processes tend to move towards a state of maximum disorder or equilibrium.
| 4. What are the different thermodynamic processes, and how do they differ from each other? | |
Ans.Thermodynamic processes can be classified into several types, including isothermal (constant temperature), adiabatic (no heat exchange), isobaric (constant pressure), and isochoric (constant volume). Each process is characterized by specific conditions that define how heat and work are exchanged, influencing the system's internal energy and state.
| 5. How do thermodynamic cycles, such as the Carnot cycle, demonstrate efficiency in engines? | |
Ans.Thermodynamic cycles, like the Carnot cycle, illustrate the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between two heat reservoirs. The Carnot cycle consists of four reversible processes: two isothermal and two adiabatic. The efficiency is determined by the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs, showing that no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures, thus establishing a benchmark for real engines.
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