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Cross Drainage Structures | Irrigation Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE) PDF Download

Water Logging

Leaching Requirement, (L.R)

Cross Drainage Structures | Irrigation Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
Where, Dd = Depth of water drained out per unit area
Da = Depth of water applied per unit area
Ci = Salt content of irrigation water
Cd = Salt content of drained water
(E.C)i = Electrical conductivity of irrigation water
(E.C)d = Electrical conductivity of drained water.

Depth & Spacing of tile Drains

S = 4k / q(b- a2)
Cross Drainage Structures | Irrigation Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
Where, S = Spacing of tile drains in m
k = Coefficient of permeability in m/s
q = Total discharge per unit length of tile drain m3/s/m
b = height of water table above the impervious layer
a = depth of impervious stratum below centre of the drain

Cross Drainage Structures | Irrigation Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)

Where, P = Annual rainfall in meter at a place.

The document Cross Drainage Structures | Irrigation Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE) is a part of the Civil Engineering (CE) Course Irrigation Engineering.
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FAQs on Cross Drainage Structures - Irrigation Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What are cross drainage structures in civil engineering?
Ans. Cross drainage structures in civil engineering are hydraulic structures designed to allow the passage of water across natural or artificial drainage channels, such as rivers, canals, or drains, without causing any obstruction. These structures are typically used to maintain the flow of water and prevent flooding or damage to the surrounding infrastructure.
2. What are the different types of cross drainage structures used in civil engineering?
Ans. There are several types of cross drainage structures used in civil engineering, including aqueducts, siphons, syphons, superpassages, bridges, culverts, and weirs. Each type of structure is designed based on the specific requirements of the site, including the water flow rate, channel characteristics, and surrounding topography.
3. Why are cross drainage structures important in civil engineering?
Ans. Cross drainage structures play a crucial role in civil engineering as they enable the safe and efficient flow of water across different drainage channels. By providing a passage for water, these structures help prevent flooding and ensure the proper functioning of irrigation systems, canals, and other water-related infrastructure. They also minimize the risk of erosion and damage to the surrounding areas.
4. How are cross drainage structures designed in civil engineering?
Ans. The design of cross drainage structures in civil engineering involves considering various factors such as the water flow rate, channel characteristics, soil properties, and surrounding topography. Engineers use hydraulic calculations, computer simulations, and structural analysis to determine the appropriate dimensions, materials, and construction techniques for the structure. Additionally, they consider factors such as environmental impact, maintenance requirements, and cost-effectiveness during the design process.
5. What are the challenges associated with the construction of cross drainage structures in civil engineering?
Ans. The construction of cross drainage structures in civil engineering can pose several challenges. These include selecting suitable locations, dealing with varying soil conditions, coordinating with other infrastructure projects, ensuring proper alignment and stability of the structure, and managing the environmental impact. Additionally, the construction process requires skilled labor, appropriate construction equipment, and adherence to safety regulations to ensure a successful and durable structure.
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