Inductance & Resistance of Transmission Lines | GATE Notes & Videos for Electrical Engineering - Electrical Engineering (EE) PDF Download

Inductance in Transmission Line

Reason of Transmission Line Inductance

Generally, electric power is transmitted through the transmission line with AC high voltage and current. High valued alternating current while flowing through the conductor sets up magnetic flux of high strength with alternating nature. This high valued alternating magnetic flux makes a linkage with other adjacent conductors parallel to the main conductor. Flux linkage in a conductor happens internally and externally. Internally flux linkage is due to self-current and externally flux linkage due to external flux. Now the term inductance is closely related to the flux linkage, denoted by λ. Suppose a coil with N number of turn is linked by flux Φ due to current I, then,

But for transmission line N = 1. We have to calculate only the value of flux Φ, and hence, we can get the transmission line inductance.

Calculation of Inductance of Single Conductor

Calculation of Internal Inductance due to Internal Magnetic Flux of a Conductor

Suppose a conductor is carrying current I through its length l, x is the internal variable radius of the conductor and r is the original radius of the conductor. Now the cross-sectional area with respect to radius x is πx² square – unit and current I_x is flowing through this cross-sectional area. So the value of I_x can be expressed in term of original conductor current I and cross-sectional area πr² square – unit

Now consider small thickness dx with the 1m length of the conductor, where H_x is the magnetizing force due to current Ix around the area πx².

And magnetic flux density B_x = μH_x, where μ is the permeability of this conductor. Again, µ = µ0µr. If it is considered that the relative permeability of this conductor µr = 1, then µ = µ₀. Hence, here B_x = μ₀ H_x.

dφ for small strip dx is expressed by

Here entire cross-sectional area of the conductor does not enclose the above expressed flux. The ratio of the cross sectional area inside the circle of radius x to the total cross section of the conductor can be thought about as fractional turn that links the flux. Therefore the flux linkage is

Now, the total flux linkage for the conductor of 1m length with radius r is given by

Hence, the internal inductance is

External Inductance due to External Magnetic Flux of a Conductor

Let us assume, due to skin effect conductor current I is concentrated near the surface of the conductor. Consider, the distance y is taken from the center of the conductor making the external radius of the conductor.

H_y is the magnetizing force and By is the magnetic field density at y distance per unit length of the conductor.

Now,

Let us assume magnetic flux dφ is present within the thickness dy from D₁ to D₂ for 1 m length of the conductor as per the figure.

As the total current I is assumed to flow in the surface of the conductor, so the flux linkage dλ is equal to dφ.

But we have to consider the flux linkage from conductor surface to any external distance, i.e. r to D

So,

Inductance of Two Wire Single Phase Transmission Line

Suppose conductor A of radius rA carries a current of IA in opposite direction of current IB through the conductor B of radius rB. Conductor A is at a distance D from conductor B and both are of length l. They are in close vicinity with each other so that flux linkage takes place in both of the conductors due to their electromagnetic effects.

Let us consider the magnitude of current in both conductors are same and hence IA = – IB,

Now, total flux linkage in conductor A = flux linkage by self-current of conductor A + flux linkage on conductor A due to current in the conductor B.

Similarly, flux linkage in conductor B = flux linkage by self-current of conductor B + flux linkage on conductor B due to current through conductor A.

Now if we consider a point P in close vicinity both conductor A and B, the flux linkage at point P would be, flux linkage at point P for current carrying conductor A + flux linkage at point P for current carrying conductor B i.e.

λp = λ_AP + λ_BP

Now,

λ= λ_AP + λ_BP (λ_AAP + λ_ABP) +(λ_BAP + λ_BBP)

……… shown in the figure below in figure (a) and (b).

• λ_AAP is the flux linkage at point P for conductor A due to current through conductor A itself.
• λ_ABP is the flux linkage at point P for conductor A due to current through conductor B.
• λ_BAP is the flux linkage at point P for conductor B due to current through conductor A.
• λ_BBP is the flux linkage at point P for conductor B due to current through conductor B itself.

λ_ABP and λ_BAP are negative in value because the directions current are opposite with respect to each other.
So,
λ= λ_AP + λ_BP = (λ_AAP + λ_ABP) +(λ_BAP + λ_BBP)

If we consider that both conductor are with same radius, i.e. r_A = r_B = r and point P is shifted to infinite distance then we can write that

Therefore, inductance per phase 

If conductor A becomes bundled conductor, then its geometrical mean radius (GMR) will be calculated for n number of conductors per bundle.

Where, d is the distance between the central axis of conductors within the bundle.

Inductance in Three Phase Transmission Line

In the three phase transmission line, three conductors are parallel to each other. The direction of the current is same through each of the conductors.

Let us consider conductor A produces magnetic flux φ_A,

Conductor B produces magnetic flux φ_B,

And conductor C produces magnetic flux φ_C.

When they carry the current of the same magnitude “I”, they are in flux linkage with each other.

Now, let us consider a point P near three conductors. So, flux linkage at point P due to current through conductor A is,

λ_AP=λ_AAP + λ_ABP + λ_ACP

Flux linkage at point P for conductor A due to current through conductor A =

Flux linkage at point P for conductor A due to current through conductor B =

Flux linkage at point P for conductor A due to current through conductor C =

Therefore, flux linkage at point P for conductor A,

As,

D_AP = D_BP=D_CP

and

I_A+I_B+I_C= 0

in balanced system, then we can write that

I_A= -I_B - I_C

Similarly,

and

If we arrange them in matrix form, then we get

Where, λ_A, λ_B, λ_C are the total flux linkages of conductor A, B and C.

L_AA, L_BB and L_CC are the self inductances of conductor A, B and C.

L_AB, L_AC, L_BC, L_BA, L_CA, L_CB are the mutual inductances of between conductors A, B and C.

Again balanced system

D_AB =D_BC = D_CA =D

And

I_A + I_B + I_C = 0

In balanced system, then we can write that

I_A = - I_B - I_C

_Similarly,

_{So, inductance per meter per phase,}