Class 4 Exam  >  Class 4 Notes  >  Mathematics for Class 4  >  Chapter Notes: 3D Shapes

3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

Understanding Shapes

Shapes are figures or objects that have a specific form or outline. They can be flat (2D) or have volume (3D). Shapes are everywhere around us and help us describe the world.

Types of Shapes

1. 2D Shapes (Two-Dimensional)

2D shapes are flat and only have length and width. They do not have any depth.

Examples of 2D Shapes:3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

  1. Circle:

    • Round shape with no corners or edges.
    • Example: A coin.
  2. Square:

    • Four equal sides and four right angles.
    • Example: A chessboard square.
  3. Rectangle:

    • Opposite sides are equal, with four right angles.
    • Example: A book cover.
  4. Triangle:

    • Three sides and three corners.
    • Example: A slice of pizza.

2. 3D Shapes (Three-Dimensional)

3D shapes have length, width, and depth. This means they have volume and can hold things inside them.

Examples of 3D Shapes:3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

  1. Cube:

    • All sides are squares.
    • It has 6 faces, 12 edges, and 8 corners (vertices).
    • Think of a Rubik's cube.
  2. Sphere:

    • No edges or corners.
    • It’s perfectly round in all directions.
    • Think of a soccer ball.
  3. Cylinder:

    • Two identical flat circular ends and one curved side.
    • It has 2 edges and no corners.
    • Think of a soup can.
  4. Cone:

    • One circular base and a single vertex (point).
    • It has 1 edge.
    • Think of a party hat.
  5. Rectangular Prism (Cuboid):

    • Faces are rectangles.
    • It has 6 faces, 12 edges, and 8 vertices.
    • Think of a brick.

Question for Chapter Notes: 3D Shapes
Try yourself:
Which shape has no edges or corners?
View Solution

Solids

Solids are three-dimensional (3D) shapes that have length, width, and height. Unlike flat (2D) shapes, solids have volume, meaning they occupy space and can hold things inside them. Solids are all around us, in the form of objects we use daily.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes MathsA few objects are shown below:
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

Just like 2D shapes or 2-dimensional shapes have two dimensions, length and breadth.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes MathsSolid shapes, are known as 3D shapes or 3-dimensional shapes three dimensions: length, breadth and height.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

Faces, Edges and Vertices of a Solid Figure

3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

  • A face is a flat surface.
  • An edge is the line segment where two faces meet.
  • A vertex is a point or corner where two or more edges meet.

As you can observe, the faces of a cube and cuboid are flat, whereas a cylinder, cone and sphere have curved faces.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes MathsNow, let us find out how many faces, edges and corners does each shape have. For a cube and cuboid, pick up a die and a geometry box and count the number of faces, edges and corners.
You will notice that both the cube and cuboid have 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 corners. Now, from the figure given above, try to count the same for cone, cylinder and sphere. 

You will find that:

  • A cylinder has 3 faces (2 flat, 1 curved), 2 edges and 0 corners. 
  • A cone has 2 faces (1 flat, 1 curved), 1 edge and 1 corner. 
  • A sphere has only 1 curved surface.

Question for Chapter Notes: 3D Shapes
Try yourself:
Which solid shape has 2 faces, 1 edge, and 1 corner?
View Solution

Pyramid

A pyramid is a solid whose base is a polygon and the sides are triangles which meet at the top. 

3D Shapes Class 4 Notes MathsThis is a square pyramid, but there are also triangular pyramids, pentagonal pyramids and so on.
A square pyramid has 4 triangular faces and a square face. It has 8 edges and 5 vertices.

Net of a Cube

Take a die or any other cube and trace all its faces on a sheet of paper. What is the shape of all the six faces?
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes MathsThey are all squares of the same size. Thus, you see that a cube can be made from six squares joined together in a particular manner.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes MathsLet us try this combination:

A net is a two-dimensional figure that can be folded into a three-dimensional object.

We have many more nets (arrangements of these squares) that can be folded up to form a cube.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes MathsWe can also form nets with 5 square faces. In this case it will be a box with no lid.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

Viewing 3d Shapes

It is difficult to draw a 3D shape. So, designers use the different views of a solid to overcome this problem. A 3D shape can be viewed from the top, from the side and from the front and these views can be combined to visualise what the solid looks like.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths
Thus, we see that a cuboid appears to be rectangle, when viewed from any direction.
Now, let us see the different views of a car, which is a 3D shape.
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes MathsSpecial names are given to these three views from different directions.

  • When a solid is looked at from above, the view seen is called the Plan.
  • The front view is called the Front Elevation.
  • The side view is called the Side Elevation.

Question for Chapter Notes: 3D Shapes
Try yourself:
Which of the following views of a 3D shape is called the Plan?
View Solution

Examples:
(a) A die
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths(b) A solid
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths(c) A tent
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths(d)
3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

Edurev Tips: All the views of a die (cube) are squares.

The document 3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths is a part of the Class 4 Course Mathematics for Class 4.
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FAQs on 3D Shapes Class 4 Notes Maths

1. What are solids in the context of 3D shapes?
Ans. Solids are three-dimensional shapes that have length, width, and height. Examples of solids include cubes, cylinders, cones, and spheres.
2. What are nets of 3D shapes?
Ans. Nets are two-dimensional representations of 3D shapes that can be cut out and folded to create the actual 3D shape. They show the faces of the 3D shape laid out flat.
3. How can viewing 3D shapes from different angles help in understanding them better?
Ans. Viewing 3D shapes from different angles can help in understanding their properties, such as the number of faces, edges, and vertices. It also helps in visualizing how the shape would look from different perspectives.
4. Why is it important to be able to identify and classify 3D shapes?
Ans. Identifying and classifying 3D shapes is important in various fields such as architecture, engineering, and design. It helps in creating accurate representations of objects and understanding spatial relationships.
5. How can understanding 3D shapes help in real-life applications?
Ans. Understanding 3D shapes is essential in fields like manufacturing, construction, and computer graphics. It allows for the creation of precise models, designs, and simulations.
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