PIB Summary- 21st September, 2021 | PIB (Press Information Bureau) Summary - UPSC PDF Download

National Steering Committee for the Development of National Curriculum Frameworks

Details

• The committee is chaired by a former head of ISRO K Kasturirangan. He was also the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of NEP, 2020.
• The committee will engage in the development of four National Curriculum Frameworks:
  • National Curriculum Framework for School Education
  • National Curriculum for Early Childhood Care and Education
  • National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education
  • National Curriculum Framework for Adult Education
• It will focus on all the recommendations of NEP 2020 related to these four areas for proposing curriculum reforms.
• The Committee will draw inputs from State Curriculum Frameworks received on the Tech Platform for the National Curriculum Frameworks.
• The tenure of the National Steering Committee will be three years from the date of its notification.

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)

Who conducted the Study?

• Astronomers led by Dr. Wageesh Mishra of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India.

What is Space Weather?

• Space weather refers to the conditions in the solar wind and near-Earth space, which can adversely affect the performance of space-borne and ground-based technological systems.
• The space weather near the Earth is mainly due to Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).
• An example of a space weather event is the geomagnetic storm, a perturbation in the Earth’s magnetic field, which can last for a few hours to a few days.
• Understanding of how events in the solar atmosphere influence space weather is necessary for monitoring and maintaining our satellites.

Coronal Mass Ejections

• Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are large expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun’s corona.
• CMEs travel outward from the Sun at speeds ranging from slower than 250 kilometres per second (km/s) to as fast as near 3000 km/s.
• The fastest Earth-directed CMEs can reach our planet in as little as 15-18 hours. Slower CMEs can take several days to arrive.
• They expand in size as they propagate away from the Sun and larger CMEs can reach a size comprising nearly a quarter of the space between Earth and the Sun by the time it reaches our planet.
• CMEs most often originate from active regions on the Sun’s surface, such as groupings of sunspots associated with frequent flares.
• The largest recorded geomagnetic perturbation, resulting presumably from a CME hitting the Earth’s magnetosphere, was the solar storm of 1859, known as the Carrington Event.

Blue Flag Certification

What is Blue Flag Certification?
The Blue Flag is an eco-label (certification) awarded to beaches, marinas and sustainable boat tourism operators that meet a comprehensive set of requirements.

Blue Flag Beaches in India – 2021

Blue Flag Certification Latest Update:
Two more Indian beaches were awarded the Blue Flag Certification in September 2021. They are:

1. Kovalam Beach, Tamil Nadu
2. Eden Beach, Puducherry

In Dec 2020, eight Indian beaches held virtual and physical flag hoisting (‘Blue Flag’) ceremony attended by Union Environment Minister, State Ministers and officials. Among Asian nations, India is now the 4th country after South Korea, Japan and UAE with ‘blue flag beaches’.
As of September 2021, Ten Beaches in India have been awarded the prestigious certification, namely:

1. Golden Beach – Odisha
2. Shivrajpur Beach – Gujarat
3. Kappad Beach – Kerala
4. Ghoghla Beach – Diu
5. Radhanagar Beach – Andaman and Nicobar
6. Kasarkod Beach – Karnataka
7. Padubidri Beach – Karnataka
8. Rushikonda Beach – Andhra Pradesh
9. Kovalam Beach – Tamil Nadu
10. Eden Beach – Puducherry

Blue Flag Certification

The Blue Flag Certification is awarded by a non-profit organization called the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE).

• To qualify for the Blue Flag certificate, a series of stringent requirements or criteria should be satisfied. 
• The criteria are environmental, educational, access and safety-related. There are a total of 33 criteria.
• The certification is awarded to beaches, marinas (which are small ports or harbours designed for pleasure yachts or boats) and sustainable boat tourism operators in FEE member countries.
• The Blue Flag is an eco-label and blue flag beaches should provide clean and hygienic bathing water, along with basic infrastructure for tourists.
• Operators of beaches or boating tourism that have been awarded the ‘blue flag’ are allowed to display the blue flag logo.
• This is awarded to local authorities or private operators only of the member countries.
• Blue Flag also advocates against inequality, disparity, unemployment, depletion of natural resources, health and environmental threats, pollution as well as general environmental degradation.
• The Blue Flag Programme originally started in France in 1985. It was presented to the FEE in 1987. It then became the European Blue Flag.
• In 2001, when South Africa became the first country outside of Europe to join the programme, the initiative changed its name to International Blue Flag. 
  • At this time, the FEE acquired its current name, losing an ‘E’ since earlier it had European in its name.
• There are more than 4000 blue flag beaches worldwide with Spain leading the number of beaches per country with this certification.

About the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE)

• The FEE is headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark.
• It was founded in 1981 as the Foundation for Environmental Education in Europe (FEEE).
• Currently, it has 77 member countries.
• Its other programmes include:
  • Green Key
  • Eco Schools
  • Young Reporters for the Environment
  • Learning about Forests
  • Global Forest Fund

Blue Flag Mission

The mission of the Blue Flag Programme is described below:

1. Promoting and participating in environmental education programmes for the users of marinas, beaches and boating operators.
2. Implementing efficient safety & environmental management systems.
3. Committing to collaborative action & partnerships in order to promote sustainable tourism development.
4. Monitoring environmental conditions in order to mitigate the impact of human activity at the marinas, beaches and boating operators.

Blue Flag Certification in India

In June 2018 it was reported that Chandrabhaga beach on the Konark coast of Odisha is not only India’s but also Asia’s first beach to get the Blue Flag certification.
This project was initiated in 2017-2018 as a part of developing model beaches in each coastal UT or state in India. In 2019, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) had identified 13 beaches in the country for blue flag certification, from which 8 were showcased. This required relaxing certain rules of the Coastal Regulation Zone notification, to enable certain construction activities on the beaches.
The pilot beaches are given in the table below: