Punctuation | English Grammar for Class 6 PDF Download

Defination

Full Stop or Period

1. It represents the longest pause. It is used at the end of each assertive and imperative sentence.
   I write a letter. (assertive)
   Please, post this letter. (imperative)
   A full stop indicates that the idea expressed in the sentence is complete and does not go further.
2. To mark abbreviations and initials, as, (B.A., LL.B., M.P., M.A., M.B.B.S., Dr. R.P. Sharma, Mr. L.L. Chauhan)
   (a) It requires a comma after an abbreviation.
   (b) There is no need to write another (.) if the sentence ends with an abbreviation.

COMMA

1. To separate identical words as,
   Amit, Rakesh, Raju and Rohit are absent today.
2. To separate pairs of words joined by ‘and’ as,
   Tables and chairs, books and magazines, sofas and cots were all reduced to ashes.
3. To separate the Nominative of Address as,
   Dear friend, come and help me.
4. To separate a Noun or Phrase in Apposition as,
   Rose, the queen of flowers, is love by all.

The Sign of Interrogation

The Sign of Exclamation
It is used after:

1. An Exclamatory or An Optative Sentence as,
   How beautiful the moon is!
2. With Interjections and Interjection Phrases as,
   Good God! Well Done! My God! Hear, hear! O Almighty!
   Hurrah! I have passed.
3. After vocative case as,
   Thief! Thief! catch the thief.

Inverted COMMAS
These are used to give exactly the words spoken by a person or to give a question as,

She said to him, “You are a good boy”.
I like the “Broken Wings” very much.

Apostrophe
It is used:

1. 1To mark the Genitive Case of Nouns as,
   Mohan’s father, Ram’s book, Boys’ school, Girls’ hostel.
2. To indicate the plurals of letters and figures as,
   (a) Mind your p’s and q’s.
3. To denote the omission of a letter or letters from words as,
   I’ll; won’t; can’t; you’re; I’m Hon’ble, O’clock etc.

Capital Letters
Capital Letters are Used

1. To start a new sentence.
2. To begin each line of a poem. (written in traditional style)
3. To write a Proper Noun or Adjective derived from it: India, Indian etc.

Hurrah!, Alas!, Bravo!, Fie!, Pooh!, Pshaw!, Oh!, Ah!
The Ganga, the Himalayas, the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean etc.