Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur: Conservation of Plants And Animals- 1 | Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur Solutions: Class 8 Science PDF Download

Q.1. (a) Which gas in the atmosphere is used by the trees and plants in photosynthesis?
(b) Which gas in the atmosphere traps the heat rays reflected by the earth?

(a) The correct Answer: is Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is absorbed during photosynthesis by plants.

(b) The correct Answer: is Carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon monoxide traps the heat rays reflected by the earth and causes global warming.

Q.2. Write one word for:
Variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found in an area.

The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered being important and desirable.

Q.3. What name is given to that part of the earth in which living organism exist (or which supports life)?

The biosphere is composed of the living organisms and the environment. It is the only layer of the planet earth in which life exists and so is unique in itself.

Q.4. What the three types of protected area which have been earmarked for the conservation of forest and wildlife.

Wild life sanctuaries, National parks and Biosphere reserves are the three types of protected area which have been earmarked for the conservation of forest and wildlife.

Q.5. Name one Wildlife Sanctuary and one National park which are contained in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.

The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is located within areas of Hoshangabad, Betul, and Chhindwara Districts in Madhya Pradesh state. It includes three wildlife conservation units:

• Bori Sanctuary
• Pachmarhi Sanctuary
• Satpura National Park

Q.6. Name any five threatened wild animals which are protected and preserved in our wildlife Sanctuaries.

Tiger, Lion, Elephant, Indian monkey, Indian rhinoceros and Indian leopard are the five threatened wild animals which are protected and preserved in our wildlife Sanctuaries.

Q.7. For what purpose are National Parks in our country established?

National parks protect places of natural beauty. national park is home to many endemic species. They also protect places important to Aboriginal people, and places that show how people lived in the past. National parks are protected areas.

Q.8. Name the first Reserve Forest of India.

The correct Answer: is The first Reserve Forest Of India was Satpura National Park.

Q.9. Name the objects of historical significance found in Satpura National Park.

The objects of historical importance known as rock shelters are found inside this park. These rock shelters are the evidence of prehistoric human life in this jungle. It gives a clue about the life of the primitive people who lived in this area long ago. 55 rock shelters have been identified in this area.

Q.10. Name two animals which have vanished from? Satpura National Park and two animals which are still found there.

Some of the wild animals found in satpura National park are Tiger and Leopard. The two animals that have vanished from satpura national park are Indian white buffalo and swamp deer

Q.11. What name is given to those species:
(a) that are on the verge of vanishing from earth?
(b) that have died out completely?

(a) The endangered species are on the verge of vanishing from earth if proper measures and protection rules will not be implemented along with provision of breeding grounds and natural habitats.
(b) Extinct species have died out due to change in weather and habitat. They have also been wiped out due to irrational human activities like hunting, agricultural land clearance and wildfires

Q.12. Name the publication which contains record if all the endangered species (plants and animals, etc).

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world’s most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.

Q.13. Name any five endangered specie of animals listed in the Red Data Book of India.

• Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)
• Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
• Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
• Banteng (Bos javanicus)
• Central Kashmir vole (Alticola montosa)

Q.14. What is the Answer: to deforestation?

The Answer: to deforestation is Afforestation. It is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover.

Reforestation is another Answer: to deforestation that means the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).

Q.15. Name the various old paper products which can be recycled.

• Recycled tote bags
• Recycled paper vase
• Recycled gift tags
• Recycled paper bags and decoration items
• The above mentioned items can be recycled and reused. It saves the trees from cutting down and also leads to minimal expenditure.

Q.16. How many full grown trees are needed to make 1 tonne of paper?

25 trees are approximately required to produce 1 ton of paper.

Q.17. State one way in which we can reuse paper.

We can reuse paper in different ways. Here, we are writing some of the common ways to reuse the paper.

• We can make greeting cards from the used papers.
• We can make a wallart from used papers.
• Newspaper or old wrapping paper can be used as package padding―shred, crumple or tear and eliminate the need for Styrofoam!

Q.18. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) Deforestation increases the level of __________ in the atmosphere.
(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as __________ species.
(c) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called
(d) Satpura National Park is a part of__________ Biosphere Reserve.
(e) Rd Data Book contains a record of __________ species.
(f) Migratory birds fly to faraway places because of __________ changes.
(g) In reforestation, the planted trees should be of the same __________ Which were cut down in that forest?
(h) Paper can be recycled __________ to __________ times.

(a) Carbon dioxide

Deforestation increases the level of carbon dioxide as in absence of trees it is not used and causes global warming

(b) Endemic Species

Endemic species can survive in that particular habitat.

(c) Wildlife sanctuary

Wildlife sanctuary is a place where animals are given their natural habitat and they have freedom to roam freely. They are also protected.

(d) Pachmarhi

(e) Endangered

Endangered species are on the verge of extinction if they are not protected and bred properly in their respective habitats.

(f) Climatic

Climatic changes like extreme weather makes the migratory birds to move to some other areas for some time and enables them to survive and breed.

(g) Species

In reforestation the forest is regrown. The weather and soil conditions of a particular place is best for the similar species and hence their survival rate also increases.

(h) Five to Seven

Q.19. What is meant by deforestation? what are the causes of deforestation?

Deforestation is the removal of a forest or strands of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use.

The conversion of forests into agricultural plantations is a major cause of deforestation. The increase in global demand for commodities, such as palm oil and soybeans, are driving industrial-scale producers to clear forests at an alarming rate. Livestock ranching and forest clearing for livestock ranching is another contributor to deforestation.

Q.20. What are the consequences of deforestation?

The consequences of deforestation is a loss of biodiversity. Deforestation also increases greenhouse gas emissions, disrupts the water cycle, increases soil erosion and decreases the natural beauty of an area.

Q.21. What is desertification? Name one human activity which may lead to desertification.

The Desertification is a land degradation in which relatively dry area of land becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water and vegetation and wildlife.
Agriculture, animal husbandry, and groundwater pumping/depletion, are all significant contributors to the process.

Q.22. Explain how, deforestation makes the soil infertile leading to desertification.

Deforestation in simple term means the felling and clearing of forest cover or tree plantations to accommodate agricultural, industrial or urban use. It involves permanent end of forest cover to make that land available for residential, commercial or industrial purpose. Deforestation can also be seen as removal of forests leading to several imbalances ecologically and environmentally. What makes deforestation alarming is the immediate and long term effects it is bound to inflict if continued at the current pace. Some predictions state that the rain forests of the world will be destroyed completely if deforestation continues at its current pace.

Q.23. What is global warming? Name the gas responsible for causing global warming.

Global Warming is the increase of Earth’s average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. the gas responsible for causing global warming is carbon dioxide.

Q.24. How does deforestation reduce rainfall on the one hand and lead to floods on the other?

When trees are cut down and there is desertification in that area so there is no transpiration and hence it result in no or minimal rainfall. When there are floods the absence of trees leads to soil erosion. It is due to the fact due to absence of trees there are no roots to hold the soil together and it gets washed away in flood.

Q.25. Define the term ‘biosphere’.

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating and comprising all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

Q.26. Define it:
(i) biodiversity
(ii) ecosystem

(i) Biodiversity: The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered being important and desirable.

(ii) Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

Q.27. What will happen if the natural habitat of a wild animal is destroyed?

If the natural habitat of a wild animal is destroyed then the animals will run towards human habitat. There will be no space for animals and this will eventually force them to die. Plants on other hand will grow enormously and the whole life cycle and food cycle will be disturbed.

Q.28. What is the purpose of establishing several Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in India?

The purpose of establishing several Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in India is to provide protected habitat to animals birds and plants which otherwise will be captured by humans. The other purpose is also to provide ample of space to flora and fauna to survive and grow in numbers without the fear of human intervention. This also leads to conservation and development of natural forest lands.

Q.29. State the role of Biosphere Reserve.

• A biosphere reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest.
• Each Biosphere Reserve should fulfill three basic functions, which are complementary and mutually reinforcing:
• Conservation function: to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation;
• Development function: to foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable;
• Logistic function: to provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development.

Q.30. What is meant by the ‘flora’ and ‘fauna’ of an area? Give two examples of flora and two example of fauna of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.

The word “flora” is used to discuss plant life, while the word “fauna” refers to animal life.

• Flora in Pachmarhi is Mango and silver ferns.
• Fauna in pachmarhi is Tiger and wild boar.