Sentence and its types | English Grammar Class 7 PDF Download

Introduction

A group of words that is arranged in a proper order and gives a complete meaning is called a sentence.
Example:

• Delhi is the capital of India.
• Manohar is the captain of team.

Subject

A subject is a noun or pronoun that either does the work or about whom/which something is stated.

Example:

• Ram is reading a book. (Subject)
  Here, Ram is the doer of the action as he is busy in reading his book. So, Ram is the subject.
• Peacock is a beautiful bird. (Subject)
  Here, something has been said about the beauty of the peacock. So, peacock is the subject.

Object

An object is a word which receives the effect of action done by the subject,
Example:

• Leader has distributed blankets. (Object)
• Maya writes a poem. (Object)

Here, leader and Maya are the subjects who perfom the action of distributing and writing respectively. The nouns ‘blankets’ and ‘poem’ receive the effect of the action done by the subject.

Complement

Complement is a word or a group of words that adds more meaning to the subject or to the object.
Examples:

• John is playing football in the ground. (Complement)
•  Vijay is going to library for books. (Complement)

The word or group of words indicated as complement adds up to the meaning of the subject or object. Earlier, we have studied what is a sentence. Now we shall learn about the parts of sentence and the types of sentence.

Types of Sentences

The following types of sentences are given below.

• Declarative Sentences
• Imperative Sentences
• Interrogative Sentences
• Exclamatory Sentences

1. Declarative Sentences

A declarative sentence makes a statement or expresses an opinion. A declarative sentence ends in a period (.)
A sentence that declares something is called declarative or assertive sentence.
Examples:

• I want to be a Doctor.
• Rita is my best friend.
• My favourite colour is pink.
• The boy is playing with a ball.
• My mother is cooking food for us.
• The Moon moves around the Earth.
• Ram and Shyam are Engineers.
• We wear woollen clothes in winter.

2. Imperative Sentences

A sentence that is used to express an order/ a wish / a request / a command / an advice / a suggestion / a proposal is called an imperative sentence.
An imperative sentence ends in an exclamation point (!) or a period (.). If the command is forceful, use an exclamation point. If the command is polite or it is a request, use a period.

Examples:

• You should help the poor.
• Make sure to finish your homework before you go to bed.
• Don’t touch any exhibit in the museum. 
• Stop bothering me!
• Please lower your voice.
• Please leave your footwear outside. 
• I need you to sit down now!

3. Interrogative Sentences

A sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark ( ? ) is named interrogative sentence.
This type of sentence often begins with who, what, where, when, why, how, or do.

Examples: 

• Where is the museum?
• What is this girl doing?
• Why you are not eating breakfast?
• When will you go to London?
• Will you call me tonight at seven?
• Whose pen is this?
• Have you read this new book?
• Are you ready to go?

4. Exclamatory Sentences

A sentence that expresses a strong and sudden feeling / emotion / excitement is said to be an exclamatory sentence.
It conveys our joys / sorrows / regrets / contempt / applaud / surprise / wonder.
It ends with an exclamation mark ( ! ).
Examples:

• What a game that was!
• I can’t believe how hot it is outside !
• Wow, he just won a gold medal!
• That’s awesome!
• You’re such a liar!
• I lost my dog !
• Alas! She is no more!

Subject and Predicate

• The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.
• The predicate of a sentence tells something about the subject.
• The subject usually comes before the predicate.

Sentence Structure

1. Simple Sentence

• A simple sentence consists of a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought.
• Example: The cat is sleeping.

2. Compound Sentence

• A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, so, for, yet, nor).
• Example: I went to the park, and my friend played soccer.

3. Complex Sentence

• A complex sentence consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
• A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
• Example: When the rain stopped, we went outside to play.

4. Compound-Complex Sentence

• A compound-complex sentence consists of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
• Example: She studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam because she didn't prepare well.

Types of Phrases

• Noun Phrase: A noun phrase is a group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence.
  Example: The big brown dog
• Verb Phrase: A verb phrase is a group of words that includes a main verb and any helping verbs.
  Example: They have been playing soccer.
• Adjective Phrase: An adjective phrase is a group of words that functions as an adjective in a sentence.
  Example: The book on the shelf is mine.
• Adverb Phrase: An adverb phrase is a group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence.
  Example: She ran as fast as she could.

Punctuation

• Sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a punctuation mark (period, question mark, exclamation mark).
• Commas are used to separate items in a list or to separate clauses in a compound sentence.
• Quotation marks are used to indicate direct speech or to enclose titles of short works.