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CSS Pseudo-class | CSS for Beginners - Class 6 PDF Download

What are Pseudo-classes?


A pseudo-class is used to define a special state of an element.
For example, it can be used to:

  • Style an element when a user mouses over it
  • Style visited and unvisited links differently
  • Style an element when it gets focus

CSS Pseudo-class | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Syntax


The syntax of pseudo-classes:

selector:pseudo-class {

  property: value;

}

Anchor Pseudo-classes


Links can be displayed in different ways:
Example

/* unvisited link */

a:link {

  color: #FF0000;

}


/* visited link */

a:visited {

  color: #00FF00;

}


/* mouse over link */

a:hover {

  color: #FF00FF;

}


/* selected link */

a:active {

  color: #0000FF;

}

Note: a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective! a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective! Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.

Pseudo-classes and HTML Classes


Pseudo-classes can be combined with HTML classes:When you hover over the link in the example, it will change color:
Example

a.highlight:hover {

  color: #ff0000;

}

Hover on <div>


An example of using the :hover pseudo-class on a <div> element:
Example

div:hover {

  background-color: blue;

}

Simple Tooltip Hover


Hover over a <div> element to show a <p> element (like a tooltip):
Hover over me to show the <p> element.

CSS Pseudo-class | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Example

p {

  display: none;

  background-color: yellow;

  padding: 20px;

}


div:hover p {

  display: block;

}

CSS - The :first-child Pseudo-class


The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another element.

Match the first <p> element


In the following example, the selector matches any <p> element that is the first child of any element:
Example

p:first-child {

  color: blue;

}

Match the first <i> element in all <p> elements


In the following example, the selector matches the first <i> element in all <p> elements:
Example

p i:first-child {

  color: blue;

}

Match all <i> elements in all first child <p> elements


In the following example, the selector matches all <i> elements in <p> elements that are the first child of another element:
Example

p:first-child i {

  color: blue;

}

CSS - The :lang Pseudo-class


The :lang pseudo-class allows you to define special rules for different languages.
In the example below, :lang defines the quotation marks for <q> elements with lang="no":
Example

<html>

<head>

<style>

q:lang(no) {

  quotes: "~" "~";

}

</style>

</head>

<body>


<p>Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q> Some text.</p>


</body>

</html>

More Examples


Add different styles to hyperlinks
This example demonstrates how to add other styles to hyperlinks.
Use of :focus
This example demonstrates how to use the :focus pseudo-class.

Test Yourself With Exercises


Exercise:
Set the background-color to red, when you mouse over a link.
<style>

 {

  background-color: red;

}

</style>


<body>


<h1>This is a header.</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<a href="https://w3schools.com">This is a link.</a>


</body>

<style>

a:hover

 {

  background-color: red;

}

</style>


<body>


<h1>This is a header.</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<a href="https://w3schools.com">This is a link.</a>


</body>

All CSS Pseudo Classes

CSS Pseudo-class | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

All CSS Pseudo Elements

CSS Pseudo-class | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

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