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Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss. (UPSC GS 1 Mains)

  • Historians consider Krishnadevaraya as the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara kingdom.His greatest achievement is of the broad tolerance that existed during his rule in his empire. 
  • His reign marked a new era in Telugu literature when imitation of Sanskrit works gave way to independent works. 
  • His rule was an age of prolific literature in many languages ,although it is also known as a golden age of Telugu literature. 
  • He was a gifted scholar of Telugu and Sanskrit and wrote many works in these languages. 
  • Sanskrit plays "JambavatiKalyanam", "Ushaparinayam", Madalasacharitha, Rasamanjari, Satyavaduparinaya and a Telugu poem "Amuktamalyada" were written by him. This work beautifully subscribed the agony of separation suffered by Sri Andal for her lover Lord Vishnu. 
  • He was fluent in many languages including his mother tongue "Tulu". 
  • He extended his patronage to Telugu,Kannada and Tamil poets alike. 
  • He patronised many famous posts like Haridasu, Nanditimmana, Kannada poet mallanaraya etc. 
  • His court BhuvanaVijayamu was adorned by eight literary giants called as "Astadiggajas". The most celebrated of them were Allasanipeddana (father of Telugu poetry), Dhurjati, Tenali Ramakrishna. 
  • His munificence for scholars earned for him the title "Andhra Bhoja".

Topics covered -  The Vijayanagara Empire

The document GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Vijayanagara Empire | History for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course History for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on GS1 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): Vijayanagara Empire - History for UPSC CSE

1. What is the significance of the Vijayanagara Empire in Indian history?
Ans. The Vijayanagara Empire was one of the most powerful and prosperous empires in South India during the medieval period. It played a crucial role in preserving Hindu culture and withstanding the incursions of the Delhi Sultanate and other Muslim kingdoms. The empire also fostered a vibrant trade network, promoted art and architecture, and left a lasting impact on the political and cultural landscape of the region.
2. Who were the founders of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Ans. The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by two brothers, Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, who were originally commanders in the army of the Kakatiya dynasty. They declared independence from the Delhi Sultanate and established their capital at Hampi in present-day Karnataka, India.
3. What were the major achievements of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Ans. The major achievements of the Vijayanagara Empire include its successful military campaigns against various neighboring kingdoms, the establishment of a centralized administration, the promotion of regional and international trade, the construction of magnificent temples and architectural wonders, and the patronage of literature, art, and music.
4. How did the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire occur?
Ans. The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire can be attributed to a combination of factors. The empire faced constant attacks from the Deccan Sultanates, particularly the Bahmani Sultanate. Internal conflicts and power struggles within the ruling dynasty also weakened the empire. The decisive Battle of Talikota in 1565, where the Vijayanagara forces were defeated by a coalition of Deccan Sultanates, marked a significant turning point in the decline of the empire.
5. What is the legacy of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Ans. The Vijayanagara Empire left a lasting legacy in various aspects. Its architectural marvels, such as the Virupaksha Temple and the Vittala Temple complex in Hampi, continue to attract tourists and are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The empire's influence on regional art, literature, and music can still be seen today. Additionally, the empire's resistance against Islamic invasions is considered a significant chapter in Indian history, symbolizing the defense of Hindu culture and traditions.
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