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How are the principles followed by NITI Aayog different from those followed by the erstwhile planning commission in India? (UPSC MAINS GS3 )
The NITI Aayog, established in 2015, is one of India’s youngest institutions. It is mandated to foster cooperative federalism, evolve a national consensus on developmental goals, redefine the reforms agenda, act as a platform for resolution of cross-sectoral issues between Center and State Governments, capacity building and to act as a Knowledge and Innovation hub. It has been entrusted with the mandate of re-imagining the development agenda by dismantling old-style central planning.
- Planning Commission: The Planning Commission from 1950 to 2014 formulated twelve five year plans. An internal evaluation in Government revealed that Planning Commission was witnessing policy fatigue necessitating structural changes in central planning process. The assessment identified that the collapse of public investment in the face of rising subsidies, huge demands on public resources from the Right to Education Act, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and a poorly targeted Public Distribution System. Further rigid labor laws were impeding progress, and there were difficulties in releasing land for public housing and other public projects.
Thus a new Institutional framework was needed Works undertaken by NITI Aayog
- The NITI Aayog formulated the Make in India Strategy for Electronics Industry, a Model Land Leasing Law, laid down a National Energy Policy, prepared a Roadmap for Revitalizing Agriculture, designed a Developmental Strategy for North East and Hilly areas and undertook an appraisal of the 12th Five Year Plan.
- An agricultural transformation was envisaged with the objective of doubling farmer’s income by 2022.
- Further, it monitors the implementation of the Sustainable Developmental Goals.
Thus, NITI Aayog has undertaken path breaking work in last years and the nation can look forward to the Institution imparting a new dynamism to India’s developmental process in the coming years.
Topics covered - NITI AAYOG
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FAQs on GS3 PYQ (Mains Answer Writing): NITI Aayog - Indian Economy for UPSC CSE
| 1. What is NITI Aayog and what is its role in the UPSC exam? |  |
Ans. NITI Aayog, also known as the National Institution for Transforming India, is a policy think tank of the Government of India. It was established to replace the Planning Commission and aims to foster cooperative federalism and promote sustainable development in the country. In the UPSC exam, candidates may be asked about the functions and initiatives of NITI Aayog, as it plays a crucial role in shaping and implementing various policies and programs related to governance, economy, and social development.
| 2. What are the key initiatives taken by NITI Aayog in recent years? | |
Ans. NITI Aayog has undertaken several key initiatives to promote inclusive growth and development in India. Some of these initiatives include:
1. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): AIM aims to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship among the youth of India. It includes programs like Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs), Atal Incubation Centers (AICs), and Atal New India Challenges (ANIC) to nurture innovation and startup ecosystem.
2. Aspirational Districts Program: This program focuses on transforming the most backward districts of India by addressing their specific development challenges. It aims to improve the socio-economic indicators and quality of life in these districts through targeted interventions and convergence of efforts.
3. National Health Stack (NHS): NHS is a digital platform developed by NITI Aayog to enable the efficient management of healthcare data and services. It aims to provide seamless access to health records, telemedicine services, and health insurance schemes, among other benefits.
4. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): NITI Aayog plays a crucial role in monitoring and implementing the SDGs in India. It provides a roadmap for achieving the targets set under the SDGs and coordinates efforts at the central and state levels to ensure sustainable development.
5. Ease of Doing Business: NITI Aayog has been actively working towards improving the ease of doing business in India. It has implemented several reforms and initiatives to simplify regulatory processes, enhance transparency, and promote investment in the country.
| 3. How does NITI Aayog promote cooperative federalism in India? | |
Ans. NITI Aayog promotes cooperative federalism by fostering collaboration and coordination between the central government and the state governments. It acts as a platform for dialogue and consultation between the two levels of government and ensures their active participation in the policy-making process.
NITI Aayog encourages states to actively contribute to the formulation of national development agendas and initiatives. It facilitates the exchange of best practices, knowledge sharing, and capacity building among states to promote balanced regional development.
The institution also plays a crucial role in allocating funds and resources to states based on their specific needs and priorities. It promotes fiscal federalism by recommending the distribution of central grants to states and monitoring their utilization for various developmental programs.
| 4. What are the major differences between NITI Aayog and the Planning Commission? | |
Ans. The major differences between NITI Aayog and the Planning Commission are as follows:
1. Structure: NITI Aayog is a think tank with a flexible structure, comprising a governing council and a full-time team of experts. On the other hand, the Planning Commission had a hierarchical structure with a Deputy Chairman and various divisions responsible for planning and development.
2. Approach: NITI Aayog follows a bottom-up approach, focusing on cooperative federalism and involving states in the policy formulation process. The Planning Commission followed a top-down approach, with the central government playing a more dominant role in planning and resource allocation.
3. Funding: NITI Aayog does not have the power to allocate funds directly to states. It provides recommendations to the central government for resource allocation. In contrast, the Planning Commission had the authority to allocate funds directly to states.
4. Role: NITI Aayog has a wider mandate and focuses on not only economic planning but also social development, innovation, and sustainable growth. The Planning Commission primarily focused on economic planning and resource allocation.
5. Decision-making: NITI Aayog promotes participatory and inclusive decision-making by involving various stakeholders, experts, and state governments. The Planning Commission had a more centralized decision-making approach, with decisions made by a few key officials.
| 5. How does NITI Aayog contribute to sustainable development in India? | |
Ans. NITI Aayog contributes to sustainable development in India through various initiatives and policies. Some of the key contributions include:
1. Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): NITI Aayog plays a pivotal role in aligning national policies and programs with the SDGs. It develops strategies and action plans to achieve the targets set under the SDGs and monitors the progress made by different sectors and states.
2. Promotion of Renewable Energy: NITI Aayog actively promotes the use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. It formulates policies and provides incentives to attract investments in the renewable energy sector and aims to achieve a higher share of clean energy in India's energy mix.
3. Water Management: NITI Aayog focuses on water resource management and conservation. It develops strategies to address water scarcity, promote efficient irrigation practices, and ensure the sustainable use of water resources across the country.
4. Green Mobility: NITI Aayog promotes the adoption of electric vehicles and other sustainable transportation solutions to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution. It formulates policies and provides incentives to accelerate the transition towards green mobility in India.
5. Waste Management: NITI Aayog works towards promoting sustainable waste management practices, including waste segregation, recycling, and disposal. It encourages the adoption of technologies and practices that minimize waste generation and promote circular economy principles.
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