Concepts & Fundamentals | IBPS PO Prelims & Mains Preparation - Bank Exams PDF Download

Introduction

A data is a information which is collected logically in an organized way so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated. Data can be entered through input devices such as mouse, keyboard, touchscreen etc.

Fundamental of Database

Database can be defined under two terms which are frequently used:

• Data: These raw and unorganized facts that need to be processed.
• Information: when data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context to make it useful or meaningful.

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Types of Database

They are Mainly of Three Types:

• Network Database: Data is represented as collection of records and relationships among data are represented as links. 
• Hierarchical Database: In this data is organized in the forms of tree with nodes.
• Relational Database : This is also known as structured database in which data is stored in the form of tables.

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Elements of Database

A database consists of several different elements. The entities, attributes, relationship are the basic concepts of database.

• Entity: It is an object that has its existence in the real world.
• Attributes: It describes the characteristics or properties of entity.

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Some Definition

• Cache Memory: The speed of CPU is extremely high compared to the access time of main memory. To decrease the mismatch in operating speed, a small memory chip is attached between CPU and main memory whose access time is very close to the processing speed of CPU. 
• Bulletin Board System (BBS): An online information system, usually, set-up by an individual on a non-profit basis for the enjoyment of other individual with similar interest.