Directions: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions as follows:
Passage
For millennia, the Nile River flooded nearly every year as a natural consequence of heavy summer rains on the Ethiopian Plateau; in the last century, as the population in the region exploded, the cycle of flooding interspersed with periodic drought caused widespread suffering for the local population. In the mid-1950s, the Egyptian government concluded that a significant dam was necessary to enable the country’s economic development to be on a par with that of Western nations. The Aswan Dam would prevent the annual flooding, generate hydroelectric power and supply a steady source of water for residents and agricultural activities, though it would also have other, less positive effects.
By the 1970s, most Egyptian villages had electric power, and the dam provided approximately half of Egypt’s entire output of electricity. The benefits were counteracted, however, by consequences which were sometimes slow to appear but ruinous in their long-term effects. Dams prevent silt from flowing through to downstream lands.
The silt is essential for renewing the minerals and nutrients that make the land fertile; before the dam, the Nile floodplain was famously productive. Farmers have had to substitute artificial fertilizers, reducing profits and causing pervasive chemical pollution with deleterious effects for the human, animal and plant populations living near or in the river. It is difficult to draw definite conclusions about a project with such substantial and varied results, but it would be untenable to assert that the Egyptian government should never have built the Aswan Dam.
Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:The author's attitude toward the Aswan Dam Project is best reflected by which of the following phrases?
Explanation
The author acknowledges both the positive and negative effects of the Aswan Dam Project. While the negative impacts are detailed, the passage ends with: “it would be untenable to assert that the Egyptian government should never have built the Aswan Dam.” This suggests that, despite the negative consequences, the author believes the project was not a complete mistake — a position that reflects mild endorsement rather than outright opposition or neutrality.
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Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:What is the significance of the author’s statement that the dam generated half of Egypt’s output of electricity by the 1970s?
Explanation
The author quantified the output in order to demonstrate the magnitude of this particular benefit.
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Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:All of the following are mentioned as benefits of the Aswan Dam EXCEPT
Explanation
False. In fact, the opposite is true; the dam led farmers to use fertilizers which caused pollution and harmed the animal and plant life in the area.
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Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:Based upon the content of the passage, the author would most likely agree with which of the following propositions?
Explanation
The passage essentially states that, despite mixed consequences, we cannot defend the position that the dam should not have been built, as the last sentence indicates that "it would be untenable to assert that the Egyptian government should never have built the Aswan Dam." This mirrors the idea that "unpredictable" or mixed results do not necessarily lead to "condemning the entire endeavor."
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Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:The passage implies which of the following about the effects of the Aswan Dam?
Explanation
In the second paragraph, the passage states "before the dam, the Nile floodplain was famously productive" and goes on to say that farmers now have to use artificial fertilizers. This implies that the land is not as fertile as it was before the dam was built.
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Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 15
Try yourself:What is the primary purpose of the passage?
Explanation
The passage discusses the "varied effects" (positive and negative consequences) that resulted from a plan that generally succeeded. It describes the Aswan Dam project, explaining its implementation, its positive impacts (electricity generation and water supply), and its negative effects (loss of natural silt, reduced soil fertility, pollution).
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