Directions: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions as follows:
Passage
An interesting approach to reducing the Unites States’ trade deficit has been suggested: relax export restrictions to China. That this suggestion has come from the President of the People’s Republic of China perhaps warrants some skepticism. That this idea is seconded by U.S. trade groups that represent aerospace, software, and microchip manufacturers, all of whom produce equipment that can be used for military purposes, also gives one pause. Despite some reforms, real and promised, China’s “private” sector is too entangled with a government whose aims and actions are frequently at odds with U.S. policy and ideology.
To expedite “safe” trade with China, the U.S. has recently compiled a list of acceptable Chinese businesses with which our high-tech firms can trade. This replaces a system that required that exporters take the time—sometimes a considerable amount—to get licenses for the items they wished to export. Supposedly the new system has stringent criteria that ensure that the Chinese firms will only use the imported goods for non-military purposes. Many of these products are, however, dual-purpose; they have military as well as commercial applications. Despite assurances that ground checks will prevent imported goods from being diverted for military purposes, China is simply too big, and the links between its companies and its government agencies too byzantine, for these assurances to be meaningful.
Another area in which trade with China needs to be handled carefully is that of intellectual property. Here, U.S. companies are largely on their own; our government can establish guidelines and issue warnings, but it cannot take a direct part in legal actions pursued by an American firm that believes its patents, trademarks, or copyrights have been violated. This is no small problem. About 20% of all consumer products in the Chinese market are counterfeit. China’s government has taken some steps to address this problem, but these steps have not yet resulted in enough punishment for those who pirate intellectual property to serve as much of a deterrent to others. Furthermore, what the central government promises is one thing; what provincial governments do is another. Corruption, protectionism, and apathy contribute to a climate in which pirating is considered business as usual by local officials located at great distances from the central government.
Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 43
Try yourself:One issue that affects both high-tech exports and intellectual property rights is _______.
Explanation
The 2nd paragraph, which deals with high-tech exports states that "China is simply too big..." The 3rd paragraph, which deals with intellectual property, states that there are problems with "local officials located at great distances from the central government." (B): This is mentioned regarding high-tech exports only.
(C): This is mentioned regarding intellectual property only.
(D): This is not specified anywhere, though the 1st paragraph suggests this possibility regarding high-tech exports only.
(E): This is alluded to in the last paragraph, regarding intellectual property. The 1st or 2nd paragraph does not mention that high-tech exports violate any intellectual property laws.
Report a problem
Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 43
Try yourself:The attitude of the author of the passage toward trade with China is best described as one of_______.
Explanation
The author uses the words "skepticism" and "carefully," as well as the phrase “gives one pause." Clearly, the author is wary of trade with China. "Considered" simply implies that the author has some actual reasons for this wariness, and is not simply acting out of an irrational fear.
(A): "Skeptical" is fine; "advocacy” is not.
(B): The author has a definite opinion; "disinterested" is wrong.
(D); Nowhere does the author express amusement.
(E): Nowhere does the author seem confused.
Report a problem
Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 43
Try yourself:Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assumptions regarding the effectiveness of the new system of controlling high-tech trade to China?
Explanation
The 2nd paragraph states that "the links between its companies and its government agencies [are] too byzantine." Byzantine means extremely intricate. If the connections were clearer, it would be easier to keep track of the items.
(A): Nothing in the passage makes a connection between high-tech trade and pirating laws. Even if the intellectual property involved is related to high technology, a demotion for a police chief would not be considered the harsh punishment for businesses that the author believes is needed.
(C): Manufacturing concerns in general were never mentioned in the passage. Some may be against the new system, and others, such as aerospace companies and software firms, may be for it.
(D): Knowing that such punishment rules exist would not be sufficient to determine the effectiveness of the trade policy.
(E): This might be made clear, but the question is whether any good will come out of making it clear. This choice does not contradict anything stated or implied by the author.
Report a problem
Question for Practice Test: Reading Comprehension - 43
Try yourself:According to the author, the new system of exporting high-tech goods to China _______.
Explanation
The 2nd paragraph begins by stating that the new system will "expedite" trade by replacing a system that often took "considerable" time.
(A): The author never states that the new system is better.
(B): This is a criticism of the old system; the new system is intended to "expedite” trade.
(C): The charge of corruption relates to intellectual property.
E): The 2nd paragraph states that "Many of these products are, however, dual-purpose; they have military as well as commercial applications."
Report a problem