Important Questions & Answers: What is Psychology | Psychology Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q1: In terms of helping solve an important social problem such as discrimination , the branch of psychology which is most suitable is______________.
(a) Educational
(b) Clinical
(c) Social
(d) Industrial

Correct Answer is Option (c)

Q2: State four points to show the relationship between mind and behaviour.

Following are the points which shows the relationship between mind and behaviour:

• Using positive visualisation techniques and feeling positive emotions, one can bring about significant changes in bodily processes.
• Use of mental imagery, i.e. images generated by a person in her/his mind, have been used to cure various kinds of phobias.
• A new discipline called Psychoneuroimmunology has emerged which emphasises the role played by the mind in strengthening the immune system.
• One example which shows mind behaviour relationship is a person with blocked arteries was made to visualise that blood was flowing through her/ his blocked arteries. After practicing this over a period of time, significant relief was obtained by these patients as the degree of blockage became significantly less.

Q3: Discuss how Psychology is related to Medicine.

Following points shows that Psychology is related to Medicine:

• Doctors have realised that a healthy body requires a healthy mind.A successful doctor looks at the psychological as well as physical well-being of the patients.
• A large number of hospitals now employ psychologists.
• The role of psychologists is to prevent patients from engaging in health hazardous behaviours and in adhering to the prescribed doctor's regimen are some of the important areas where the two disciplines have come together.
• Doctors felt the need of psychological counselling while treating patients suffering from cancer, AIDS, and the physically challenged, or handling patients in the Intensive Care Unit, and patients during post operative care

Q4: Describe the role of clinical psychologists.

A clinical psychologist has a degree in psychology, which includes intensive training in treating people with psychological disorders.

• Clinical Psychologist has following role to play:
• Clinical psychologists specialise in helping clients with behavioural problems by providing therapy for various mental disorders and in cases of anxiety or fear, or with stress at home or at work.
• They work either as private practitioners or at hospitals, mental institutions, or with social agencies.
• They may be involved in conducting interviews and administering psychological tests to diagnose the client’s problems, and use psychological methods for their treatment and rehabilitation.
• Job opportunities in clinical psychology attract quite a few to this field of psychology.

Q5: The term psychology is derived from two Greek words psyche and logos which means______________. 
(a) Science of soul 
(b) Science of mind 
(c) Science of behaviour
 (d) Science of consciousness 

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Q6: The introspective report in an experiment is given by____________ .
(a) Experimenter
(b) Subject
(c) Both the experimenter and subject
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Q7: Explain the relationship of Psychology with Music and Fine arts.

Following are the points that explains relationship between Music and Fine arts:

• Scientists have made use of music in raising work performance.
• Music and emotions is another area in which a number of studies have been carried out.
• Musicians in India have recently started experimenting with what they call "Music Therapy".
• In this they use different "Ragas" for curing certain physical ailments.

Q8: Explain the three terms used in the definition of psychology.

Psychology is defined formally as a science which studies mental processes, experiences and behaviour in different contexts.

• Mental Processes: We use our mental processes when we think or try to solve a problem, to know or remember something.Mental processes, such as remembering, learning, knowing, perceiving, feeling are of interest to psychologists.They study these processes trying to understand how the mind works and to help us improve the uses and applications of these mental capacities.
• Experiences: Psychologists also study experiences of people.Psychologists have focused on the experiences of pain being undergone by terminally ill patients or of psychological pain felt in bereavement, besides experiences which lead to positive feelings, such as in romantic encounters. Experiences are influenced by internal and external conditions of the experiencer. If you are travelling in a crowded bus during a hot summer day, you may not experience the usual discomfort if you are going for a picnic with some close friends. Thus, the nature of experience can only be understood by analysing a complex set of internal and external conditions.
• Behaviour: are responses or reactions we make or activities we engage in. Behaviours may be simple or complex, short or enduring. Some behaviours are overt. They can be outwardly seen or sensed by an observer. Some are internal or covert.Psychologists study behaviour as an association between stimulus (S) and response (R). Both stimulus and response can be internal or external.

Q9: Describe the role of Counselling psychologists.

• Counselling psychologists work with persons who suffer from motivational and emotional problems.
• The problems of their clients are less serious than those of the clinical psychologists.
• A counselling psychologist may be involved in vocational rehabilitation programmes, or helping persons in making professional choices or in adjusting to new and difficult situations of life.
• Counselling psychologists work for public agencies such as mental health centres, hospitals, schools, colleges and universities.

Q10: Write short note on Organisational psychologists

Organisational psychologists render valuable help in dealing with problems that the executives and employees of an organisation tend to face in their respective roles. They provide organisations with consultancy services and organise skill training programmes in order to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness. Some organisational psychologists specialise in Human Resource Development (HRD), while others in Organisational Development and Change Management programmes.

Q11: Explain the term behaviour.

Behaviour is how someone acts. It's what someone does to create something happen, to form something change or to stay things the identical. Behaviour may be a response to things that are happening: internally - thoughts and feelings. externally - the environment, including people.

Q12: Explain the term 'psychology'.

Psychology is that the study of the mind and behavior, in line with the American Psychological Association. It's the study of the mind, how it works, and the way it affects behavior.

Q13: Explain the hypothetico-deductive model used in psychology.

Following points explain the hypothetico-deductive model:

• Scientific advancement takes place if there is a theory to explain a phenomenon.
• A theory is a set of statements about how a certain complex phenomenon can be explained with the help of propositions which are interrelated.
• Based on a theory, scientists deduce or propose a hypothesis that offers a tentative explanation of how a certain phenomenon takes place.
• The hypothesis is then tested and proved true or false based on empirical data gathered.
• If the data point in a different direction, the theory is revised.

Q14: What's a 'theory'?

In everyday use, the word "theory" often means an untested hunch, or a guess without supporting evidence. except for scientists, a theory has nearly the other meaning. A theory may be a well- substantiated explanation of a side of the nature which will incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts.

Q15: Define the term 'Psychoneuroimmunology'.

A field of drugs that deals with the influence of emotional states (as stress) and system activity on immune function especially in relevance their effect on the onset and progression of disease.

Q16: Differentiate between psychology as a natural science and as a social science.

Psychology as a natural science focuses on biological bases and uses methods from physical sciences.

• It assumes behavioural phenomena have single causes that can be discovered through controlled experiments.
• Aims to predict and control behaviour by establishing cause-effect relationships.

Psychology as a social science emphasizes socio-cultural contexts and human interactions.

• It views behaviour as having multiple causes influenced by society and culture.
• Focuses on how individuals create and are shaped by their environments, using interpretive methods.

Q17: What's psychology example?

The concept of learning itself is additionally an example of cognition. this is often about the way within which the brain makes connections while remembering what's learned. The power to reason logically is a wonderful example of cognition, problem solving and making judgments about information.

Q18: Why is psychological science important?

Many humans have to study psychological science to induce an understanding of their thought processes, psychology involves areas like language, learning, motivation, problem-solving, decision- making, learning, memory, and more, the memory power of knowledge.

Q19: What's psychological science focus?

Cognitive psychology is that the branch of psychology dedicated to studying how people think. The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how the interactions of thinking, emotion, creativity, and problem-solving abilities affect how and why you're thinking that the way you are doing.

Q20: What's Gestalt psychology?

Gestalt psychology could be a school of thought that appears at the human mind and behavior as a full. When trying to create sense of the globe around us, Gestalt psychology suggests that we don't simply specialises in every small component. Instead, our minds tend to perceive objects as elements of more complex systems.

Q21: Briefly explain Psychoanalysis.

Psychoanalysis, method of treating mental disorders, shaped by psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes unconscious mental processes and is typically described as "depth psychology." The psychoanalytic movement originated within the clinical observations and formulations of Austrian psychiatrist psychoanalyst, who coined the term psychoanalysis. During the 1890s, Freud worked with Austrian physician and physiologist Josef Breuer in studies of neurotic patients under hypnosis. Freud and Breuer observed that, when the sources of patients' ideas and impulses were brought into consciousness during the hypnotic state, the patients showed improvement.

Q22: Describe the relationship between mind and behaviour with suitable examples.

The mind and behaviour are interrelated, with mental processes influencing physical actions and vice versa.

• Positive visualization can change bodily processes, like reducing artery blockage through imagery.
• Mental imagery helps cure phobias by altering fear responses.
• Emotions and thoughts affect immune function, as studied in psychoneuroimmunology.
• For instance, feeling positive can strengthen immunity, while stress may weaken it.

Q23: Elaborate the term Humanistic psychology.

Humanistic psychology could be a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the entire person. Humanistic psychologists observe human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. An example of humanistic psychology may be a therapist seeing a client for the primary time for a therapy session and utilizing Maslow's hierarchy of must determine where the client was on the hierarchy and to work out what needs were and weren't being met.

Q24: Define Constructivism.

Constructivism is that the theory that says learners construct knowledge instead of just passively soak up information. As people experience the globe and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own representations and incorporate new information into their pre-existing knowledge (schemas).

Q25: What's the principle of constructivism?

Constructivism relies on the concept that individuals actively construct or make their own knowledge, which reality is decided by your experiences as a learner. Basically, learners use their previous knowledge as a foundation and hinge upon it with new things that they learn.

Q26: Write short notes on Biological psychology.

Biological psychology, also called psychological science, is that the study of the biology of behavior; it focuses on the system nervous, hormones and genetics. Biological psychology examines the connection between mind and body, neural mechanisms, and therefore the influence of heredity on behavior.

Q27: Who started biological psychology?

Biological psychology as a field emerged from a spread of scientific and philosophical traditions within the 18th and 19th centuries. within the Principles of Psychology (1890), William James argued that the scientific study of psychology should be grounded in an understanding of biology.

Q28: Explain how popular notions about psychology differ from scientific understanding, with an example.

Popular notions are based on common sense and hindsight, often explaining behaviour after it occurs without prediction.

• They may contradict empirical findings and rely on untested beliefs.

Scientific psychology seeks patterns, uses data, and tests hypotheses systematically.

• For example, common sense suggests giving easy tasks to build confidence in failure-prone children, but Dweck's study showed mixing easy and difficult tasks with effort attribution leads to better persistence.

Q29: Explain Developmental psychology.

Developmental psychology is that the scientific study of how and why humans grow, changes, and adapt across the course of their lives. Originally concerned with infants and kids, the sphere has expanded to incorporate adolescence, adult development, aging, and also the entire lifespan.

Q30: How does psychology play an integral role within the various stages of lifetime of an individual?

Developmental psychologists study how people grow, develop and adapt at different life stages. They conduct research designed to assist people reach their full potential - as an example, studying the difference between learning styles in babies and adults. genetic psychology looks at how thinking, feeling, and behavior change throughout a human life. a big proportion of theories within this discipline focus upon development during childhood, as this is often the amount during a person's lifespan when the foremost change occurs. a bit like physics, biology, or chemistry, psychology may be a subject field. Nearly every college and university supports a department of psychology, students are trained in psychology, and research is classed as psychology. The concept of a bailiwick is a vital and enduring one.