Important Questions & Answers: Learning | Psychology Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q.1. __________ stands for a relatively permanent change in a behavioural tendency which occurs as a result of reinforced practice.

Learning

Q.2. State two points of difference between Primary reinforcer and Secondary reinforcer.

Q.3. A small girl catches an inflated balloon which bursts in her hands making a loud noise. She gets very scared. The next time she is made to hold a balloon, the fear response returns. Name the kind of learning involved in this situation.

S–S learning.

Q.4. Learning disabled children have disorders of attention. Explain.

• They get easily distracted and cannot sustain attention on one point for long.
• Attentional deficiency leads to hyperactivity, i.e. they are always moving, doing different things, trying to manipulate things incessantly.

Q.5. Explain Observational learning with examples.

Learning takes place by Observing others. Here is an example that explains it:
Example 1: Fashion designers employ tall, pretty, and gracious young girls and tall, smart, and well-built young boys for popularising clothes of different designs and fabrics. People observe them on televised fashion shows and advertisements in magazines and newspapers. They imitate these models.
Example 2: children observe adults’ behaviours, at home and during social ceremonies and functions. They enact adults in their plays and games. For instance, young children play games of marriage ceremonies, birthday parties, thief and policeman, house keeping, etc. Actually they enact in their games what they observe in society, on television, and read in books.
Observing superiors and likeable persons and then emulating their behaviour in a novel social situation is a common experience.
Children learn most of the social behaviours by observing and emulating adults.