Important Questions & Answers: Motivation & Emotion | Psychology Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q.1. Who conceptualised the Hierarchy of Needs?

Abraham H. Maslow

Q.2. Simultaneous existence of multiple wishes and needs characterise _______________.

conflict

Q.3. __________ is a condition that an individual develops in case of failure to adopt an appropriate ego defense.

Anxiety.

Q.4. Explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Maslow has portrait human needs in the form of an hierarychy.Following are the details of his hierarchy:

• Physiological needs: Maslow's model is like a pyramid in which the bottom of this hierarchy represents basic physiological or biological needs which are basic to survival such as hunger, thirst, etc.
• Safety needs: Only when these needs are met, the need to be free from threatened danger arises. This refers to the safety needs of physical and psychological nature.
• Belongingness needs: Next comes the need to seek out other people, for love and to be loved.
• Esteem needs: Next, the individual strives for esteem, i.e. the need to develop a sense of self-worth.
• Selfactualisation needs: The next higher need in the hierarchy reflects an individual’s motive towards the fullest development of potential, i.e. self-actualisation. A self-actualised person is self-aware, socially responsive, creative, spontaneous, open to novelty, and challenge.

Q.5. Analyse Cannon Bard's theory of emotions.

• The Cannon-Bard theory claims that the entire process of emotion is mediated by thalamus which after perception of the emotion-provoking stimulus, conveys this information simultaneously to the cerebral cortex and to the skeletal muscles and sympathetic nervous system.
• The cerebral cortex then determines the nature of the perceived stimulus by referring to past experiences.
• This determines the subjective experience of the emotion. At the same time the sympathetic nervous system and the muscles provide physiological arousal and prepare the individual to take action.

Q.6. Lata Mangeshkar is an accomplished singer in the Indian cinema. Name the need which best represents this case in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

self-actualisation

Q.7. Name the six universal emotions proposed by Darwin.

joy, fear, anger, disgust, sadness, and surprise.

Q.8. State any four key points in anger management.

Following are the key points in anger management:

• Recognise the power of your thoughts.
• Realise you alone can control it.
• Do not engage in ‘self-talk that burns’. Do not magnify negative feelings.
• Resist having irrational beliefs about people and events.

Q.9. Analyse how "Relaxation" is useful to manage examination anxiety.

Relaxation techniques help you calm your nerves and give you an opportunity to reframe your thoughts. There are many different relaxation techniques. In general, this involves sitting or lying down in a comfortable posture in a quiet place, relaxing your muscles, reducing the external stimulation as well as minimising the flow of thoughts and focusing.