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Introduction

  • As the potential difference (voltage) across a component is increased, the current also increases (by Ohm’s law)
  • The precise relationship between voltage and current is different for different components and can be shown on an I-V graph:
    I-V characteristics for metallic conductor (e.g. resistor) and semiconductor diode
    I-V characteristics for metallic conductor (e.g. resistor) and semiconductor diode
  • The I-V graph for a metallic conductor at constant temperature e.g. a resistor, is very simple:
    • The current is directly proportional to the potential difference
    • This is demonstrated by the straight line graph through the origin
  • The I-V graph for a semiconductor diode is slightly different. A diode is used in a circuit to allow current to flow only in a specific direction:
    • When the current is in the direction of the arrowhead symbol, this is forward bias. This is shown by the sharp increase in potential difference and current on the right side of the graph
    • When the diode is switched around, it does not conduct and is called reverse bias. This is shown by a zero reading of current or potential difference on the left side of the graph

Question for V-I Characterstics
Try yourself:The I–V characteristic of two electrical component X and Y are shown.
V-I Characterstics | Physics for Grade 10
Which statement is correct?
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