Notes: Discursive Passages | Class 11 English Grammar PDF Download

Introduction

• Discursive passages are a form of writing that presents arguments, debates, or discussions on a particular topic.
• The purpose of discursive passages is to explore multiple perspectives and present a balanced view on the topic.
• These passages require critical thinking, logical reasoning, and effective language skills.

Key Elements of Discursive Passages

1. Introduction:

• The introduction provides an overview of the topic and sets the context for the discussion.
• It should be engaging and capture the reader's attention.
• The introduction may include a brief definition, background information, or a thought-provoking statement.

2. Body Paragraphs:

• The body paragraphs present different arguments, viewpoints, or evidence related to the topic.
• Each paragraph should focus on a single idea or argument and provide supporting evidence.
• Transition words and phrases can be used to connect and organize the paragraphs logically.

3. Arguments and Counterarguments:

• A discursive passage should present both arguments in favor of and against the topic.
• Each argument should be supported with relevant examples, facts, or statistics.
• Counterarguments should be addressed and refuted logically to maintain a balanced perspective.

4. Conclusion:

• The conclusion summarizes the main points discussed in the passage.
• It should provide a final opinion or viewpoint on the topic.
• The conclusion should be concise and leave a lasting impact on the reader.

Tips for Writing Discursive Passages

1. Plan and Organize

• Before writing, brainstorm ideas, arguments, and supporting evidence for both sides of the topic.
• Create an outline to organize your thoughts and ensure a logical flow of ideas in the passage.

2. Use Formal Language

• Discursive passages require a formal tone and vocabulary.
• Avoid slang, colloquial expressions, or informal language.

3. Provide Evidence

• Back up your arguments with credible evidence such as examples, facts, research findings, or expert opinions.
• Use quotations and references to support your claims.

4. Maintain Objectivity

• Present a balanced view by giving equal weightage to both sides of the topic.
• Avoid personal biases or emotional language that may undermine the credibility of your arguments.

5. Use Coherence and Cohesion

• Use appropriate transition words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow between paragraphs and ideas.
• Connect your arguments logically and provide clear links between different parts of the passage.

Language Features in Discursive Passages

• Formal language: Use of appropriate vocabulary, sentence structures, and grammar.
• Cohesion: Logical sequencing of ideas using linking words and phrases (e.g., however, therefore, in addition).
• Paragraphing: Organizing ideas into paragraphs with clear topic sentences and supporting details.
• Rhetorical devices: Effective use of rhetorical questions, metaphors, analogies, etc., to engage the reader.

Techniques for Writing Discursive Passages

• Brainstorming: Generating ideas and arguments related to the topic.
• Outlining: Organizing the main points and supporting details before writing.
• Thesis statement: Clearly stating the writer's position or main argument.
• Balanced presentation: Acknowledging different viewpoints and providing evidence for each.
• Logical progression: Presenting ideas in a coherent and systematic manner.
• Evidence and examples: Supporting arguments with relevant facts, statistics, and real-life examples.
• Critical analysis: Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of different perspectives.
• Formal tone: Maintaining an objective and professional tone throughout the passage.