Mnemonics: Biomolecules | Biology Class 11 - NEET PDF Download

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1. Secondary Metabolites

Mnemonic: Pigs And Tigers Eat Tasty Large Dishes Potatoes

Mnemonic Explanation: 

• Pigments: Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, etc. 
• Alkaloids: Morphine, Codeine, etc. 
• Terpenoides: Monoterpenes, Diterpenes, etc.
• Essential oils: Lemon grass oil, etc.
• Toxins: Abrin, Ricin
• Lectins: Concanavalin A
• Drugs: Vinblastin, Curcumin, etc.
• Polymeric substances: Rubber, Gums, Cellulose

2. Some Proteins and their Functions

Mnemonic: Cool Tigers Instantly Attack Red Grapes

Mnemonic Explanation: 

Collagen: Intercellular ground substance 
Trypsin : Enzyme 
Insulin: Hormone 
Antibody:Fights infectious agents 
Receptor:  Sensory reception (smell, taste, hormone, etc.) 
GLUT-4:  Enables glucose transport into cells

3. Polysaccharides

Mnemonic: "Cats Sing Great Inspiring Chants Always"

• Cats = Cellulose: Forms plant cell walls and paper
• Sing = Starch: Energy storage in plants, forms helices
• Great = Glycogen: Energy storage in animals
• Inspiring = Inulin: Polymer of fructose
• Chants = Chitin: Found in exoskeletons of arthropods
• Always = Amino-sugars and chemically modified sugars (e.g., glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine)

4. Nucleic Acids

5. Classification of Enzymes

Mnemonic Explanation: 

Oxidoreductases/Dehydrogenases:
Enzymes which catalyse oxidoreduction between two substrates S and S’.
Example:
S reduced + S’ oxidised → S oxidised + S’ reduced.

Transferases:
Enzymes catalysing a transfer of a group, G (other than hydrogen), between a pair of substrates S and S’.
Example:
S - G + S’ → S + S’ - G.

Hydrolases:
Enzymes catalysing hydrolysis of ester, ether, peptide, glycosidic, C-C, C-halide, or P-N bonds.

Lyases:
Enzymes that catalyse the removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other than hydrolysis, leaving double bonds.

Isomerases:
Includes all enzymes catalysing inter-conversion of optical, geometric, or positional isomers.

Ligases:
Enzymes catalysing the linking together of two compounds.
Example:
Enzymes which catalyse joining of C-O, C-S, C-N, P-O, etc. bonds.