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Mnemonics: Biomolecules | Biology Class 11 - NEET

1. Secondary Metabolites

Mnemonic: Pigs And Tigers Eat Tasty Large Dishes Potatoes

Mnemonics: Biomolecules | Biology Class 11 - NEET

Mnemonic Explanation: 

  • Pigments: Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, etc. 
  • Alkaloids: Morphine, Codeine, etc. 
  • Terpenoides: Monoterpenes, Diterpenes, etc.
  • Essential oils: Lemon grass oil, etc.
  • Toxins: Abrin, Ricin
  • Lectins: Concanavalin A
  • Drugs: Vinblastin, Curcumin, etc.
  • Polymeric substances: Rubber, Gums, Cellulose

2. Some Proteins and their Functions

Mnemonic: Cool Tigers Instantly Attack Red Grapes

Mnemonics: Biomolecules | Biology Class 11 - NEET

Mnemonic Explanation: 

Collagen: Intercellular ground substance 
Trypsin : Enzyme 
Insulin: Hormone 
Antibody:Fights infectious agents 
Receptor:  Sensory reception (smell, taste, hormone, etc.) 
GLUT-4:  Enables glucose transport into cells

3. Polysaccharides

Mnemonics: Biomolecules | Biology Class 11 - NEET

Mnemonic: "Cats Sing Great Inspiring Chants Always"

  • Cats = Cellulose: Forms plant cell walls and paper
  • Sing = Starch: Energy storage in plants, forms helices
  • Great = Glycogen: Energy storage in animals
  • Inspiring = Inulin: Polymer of fructose
  • Chants = Chitin: Found in exoskeletons of arthropods
  • Always = Amino-sugars and chemically modified sugars (e.g., glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine)

4. Nucleic Acids

Mnemonics: Biomolecules | Biology Class 11 - NEET

5. Classification of Enzymes

Mnemonics: Biomolecules | Biology Class 11 - NEETMnemonic Explanation: 

Oxidoreductases/Dehydrogenases:
Enzymes which catalyse oxidoreduction between two substrates S and S’.
Example:
S reduced + S’ oxidised → S oxidised + S’ reduced.

Transferases:
Enzymes catalysing a transfer of a group, G (other than hydrogen), between a pair of substrates S and S’.
Example:
S - G + S’ → S + S’ - G.

Hydrolases:
Enzymes catalysing hydrolysis of ester, ether, peptide, glycosidic, C-C, C-halide, or P-N bonds.

Lyases:
Enzymes that catalyse the removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other than hydrolysis, leaving double bonds.

Mnemonics: Biomolecules | Biology Class 11 - NEET

Isomerases:
Includes all enzymes catalysing inter-conversion of optical, geometric, or positional isomers.

Ligases:
Enzymes catalysing the linking together of two compounds.
Example:
Enzymes which catalyse joining of C-O, C-S, C-N, P-O, etc. bonds.

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FAQs on Mnemonics: Biomolecules - Biology Class 11 - NEET

1. What are secondary metabolites and why are they important in plants?
Ans. Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of plants. They play crucial roles in plant defense mechanisms, attracting pollinators, and protecting against herbivores and pathogens. Examples include alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which often have medicinal properties and ecological significance.
2. What are some key functions of proteins in biological systems?
Ans. Proteins serve a variety of essential functions in biological systems, including catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, providing structure and support in cells and tissues, facilitating transport of molecules, and regulating biological processes as hormones and signaling molecules. They also play a role in immune responses and muscle contraction.
3. How are polysaccharides classified and what are their functions?
Ans. Polysaccharides are classified into two main types: storage polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, which store energy, and structural polysaccharides, such as cellulose and chitin, which provide support and protection. They are important for energy storage, maintaining cell structure, and serving as signaling molecules in biological processes.
4. What are the main types of nucleic acids and their functions?
Ans. The main types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA stores genetic information and provides the instructions for protein synthesis, while RNA is involved in translating this information into proteins. RNA also plays roles in gene regulation and catalyzing biological reactions.
5. How are enzymes classified and what is their significance in biochemistry?
Ans. Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze into six main categories: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. Their significance lies in their ability to accelerate biochemical reactions, which is crucial for metabolic processes, cellular function, and overall homeostasis in living organisms.
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