What are Geometric Shapes? | Math Olympiad for Class 2 PDF Download

Definition

Geometrical shapes are representations of various objects, with some being two-dimensional and others three-dimensional. Two-dimensional shapes are confined to the x and y axes, while three-dimensional shapes extend to the z-axis, indicating their height. In geometry, there are several defined shapes, each starting with lines, line segments, or curves. The arrangement and quantity of these lines determine the type of shape, such as triangles (three connected line segments) or pentagons (five-line segments). However, not every figure is considered complete.

List of Geometric Shapes

Here is the list of different geometric shapes that we learn in geometry:

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Types and Properties of Geometric Shapes

Go through the different types of shapes in geometry along with definitions here:

• Triangle: Triangle is a polygon, which is made of three sides and consists of three edges and three vertices. Also, the sum of its internal angles equals to 180º.
• Circle: Locus of all points at a fixed distance from a reference central point is called a Circle.
• Square: Square is a quadrilateral where all the four sides and angles are equal and the angles at all the vertices are equal to 90° each.
• Rectangle: A quadrilateral has two pairs of opposite sides equal in length and interior angles are at the right angles.
• Parallelogram: A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides and opposite angles are equal in measure.
• Polygons: These are made up of line segments and no curves. They are enclosed structures based on different lengths of sides and different angles.

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Figures of 2d Shapes

Three-Dimensional Shapes

Most of the three-dimensional shapes can be defined as a set of vertices, lines that connect the vertices and faces enclosed by these lines including obtained interior points. For many three dimensional shapes, faces are two-dimensional. Also, some shapes in three dimensions have curves surfaces.
In three dimensions, the primary shapes are:

• Cube
• Cuboid
• Cone
• Cylinder
• Sphere

These can be better understood with the help of the table given below:

Open and Closed Figures

A point is a tiny dot that marks the beginning of a line segment. By its definition, a line segment is a portion of a line that connects two points along the line, forming a narrow lane. Various combinations of line segments create distinct shapes, which can be classified as open figures or closed shapes.

Closed Shapes

Geometric shapes like squares, rectangles, and triangles are basic 2D shapes known as polygons. A polygon is any flat shape on a surface, such as paper, with a finite closed boundary composed of a fixed number of line segments, which are referred to as sides. The sides of the polygon intersect at corners, known as vertices.
These bounded geometric shapes, including polygons, are called closed figures. A closed figure's boundary is not limited to only straight line segments but can also include curves. Therefore, a closed figure is defined as any geometric shape that forms a boundary, starting and ending at the same point, created by either line segments or curves.

Open Shapes

Open figures are incomplete shapes. To sketch a closed figure one has to meet both the starting point and ending point. Open figures are also depicted by using line segments or by curves but at least the lines will be discontinuous. An open figure’s starting and endpoints are different.

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Different Shapes

In our daily existence, we may observe different shapes which look exactly the same as some three-dimensional geometric shapes.

Apart from the above examples, there are other objects in our surroundings such as traffic cones, Rubik’s cubes, pyramids and so on. Observe the below figure, to understand the different shapes that relate to geometric shapes.