Delimitation Commission: Ensuring Fair Representation through Boundary Redefinition - Delhi Police Constable PDF Download

Introduction

Delimitation refers to the act of defining the boundaries of territorial constituencies to ensure a fair and balanced representation of population segments. The Commission operates independently of executive direction, and its decisions are considered final and cannot be challenged in court to avoid election delays. This process adheres to the principle of "One Vote, One Value," preventing election advantages for any particular political party.

The Need for Delimitation

The primary purpose of delimitation is to ensure that all segments of the population are equally represented. By fairly dividing geographic areas, the Commission aims to prevent any political party from gaining undue advantages. This process upholds the fundamental principle of equitable representation and democratic governance.

Composition of the Delimitation Commission

The Delimitation Commission is appointed by the Indian President and collaborates with the Indian Election Commission. It consists of a retired Supreme Court judge, the Chief Election Commissioner, and respective State Election Commissioners.

The Process of Delimitation

Following each Census, the Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act in line with Article 82. Subsequently, States are divided into territorial constituencies according to Article 170. The Union government then forms the Delimitation Commission, which is responsible for delineating the boundaries of constituencies. Delimitation exercises have been conducted several times since independence, ensuring periodic adjustments to electoral constituencies.

Delimitation in Areas with Disadvantaged Groups

In areas with significant Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) populations, the Commission reserves specific seats for these communities. It carefully analyzes population distribution to make fair and equitable decisions. However, other underprivileged groups lack similar constitutional protection.

Functions and Duties of the Delimitation Commission

The Delimitation Commission holds considerable authority, and its decisions are binding, beyond judicial review. The Commission's core function is to determine the number and boundaries of constituencies, aiming for an approximately equal population in each seat. It also designates reserved seats for SCs and STs in regions with sizable populations of these communities.

Significance of the Delimitation Commission

The Delimitation Commission is a legislatively supported, independent body that plays a critical role in maintaining electoral integrity. Its decisions are essential for ensuring equal representation and proportional democratic governance.

Criticism of Delimitation Commission

The Commission has faced criticism over concerns that states neglecting population control might gain more seats in the legislative bodies. Additionally, some states that supported family planning initiatives risked having fewer seats available. Moreover, despite delimitation exercises, the number of seats in certain legislative bodies remained unchanged, raising questions about equitable representation.

The Way Forward

An amendment has deferred the lifting of the cap on the number of Lok Sabha and Assembly seats until 2026. To resolve this issue, a national consensus exercise should be initiated. Lowering the Finance Commission's population weightage to 10% or even 5% could also help in ensuring fair representation. As demographic changes occur, redrawing parliamentary constituency boundaries would allow for better representation in both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.