Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Worksheet Geography Chapter 1

Multiple choice Questions
Q1: Which is the oldest oil producing state of India ?
(a) Assam
(b) Gujarat
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Odisha (Orissa)
Ans: A

Q2: What percentage of total minerals areutilised by us ?
(a) 0.1%
(b) 0.2%
(c) 0.3%
(d) 0.4%
Ans: C

Q3: Which is the finest iron ore with 70% of iron ?
(a) Magnetite
(b) Hematite
(c) Bauxite
(d) All of these
Ans: A

Q4: Hydroelectricity is generated by :
(a) Water
(b) Coal
(c) Petroleum
(d) Natural gas
Ans: A

Q5: Monazite sands of Kerala is rich in :
(a) Uranium
(b) Barium
(c) Thorium
(d) Coal
Ans: C

Q6: Arrange the following states in sequence according to their share per cent of iron ore production in the year 2016- 2017 :
(i) Chhattisgarh
(ii) Karnataka
(iii) Odisha
(iv) Jharkhand
Options :
(a) (i)-(iv)-(ii)-(iii)
(b) (iii)-(i)-(ii)-(iv)
(c) (iv)-(ii)-(iii)-(i)
(d) (i)-(ii)-(iv)-(iii)
Ans: B

Q7: In which of the following states is Kalpakkam Nuclear power plant located ?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Odisha
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu
Ans: D

Q8: India is highly dependent on ______ for meeting its commercial energy requirements.
(a) water
(b) nuclear
(c) tidal energy
(d) coal
Ans: D

Q9: Complete the statement with appropriate word. After all, “energy saved is energy ______".
(a) produced
(b) conserved
(c) used
(d) polluted
Ans: A

Q10: India is highly dependent on ______ for meeting its commercial energy requirements.
(a) water
(b) nuclear
(c) tidal energy
(d) coal
Ans: D

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions
Mark the option which is most suitable:
Q1: Assertion : Most nuclear power stations in India have been constructed near water sources.
Reason : These power stations require a lot of water for cooling purposes.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q2: Assertion : Uses of iron brought a radical change in human life.
Reason : Different kinds of tools where invented by using minerals.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q3: Assertion : Conservation of energy resources is essential.
Reason : Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Q4: Assertion : Mica is a metallic mineral.
Reason : Mica mineral is the basic raw material for electric and electronic industries.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.

Very Short Questions
Q1: Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged?
Ans:  (a) It creates pollution (b) By burning a manure resource is destroyed, which can improve soil fertility. 

Q2: Mention any four conventional sources of energy.
Ans: Firewood, cattle dung cake, coal and natural gas are conventional sources of energy. 

Q3: Mention any four unconventional sources of energy.
Ans: Solar, wind, tidal and bio-gas are the unconventional sources of energy. 

Q4: Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel?
Ans: Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. 

Q5: How is coal formed?
Ans: Coal is formed due to the compression of plant material over millions of years. 

Q6: Which is the most popular coal for commercial use?
Ans: Among the four forms of coal the most popular coal for commercial use is bituminous.

Q7: Which kind of mineral is found in Rajasthan?
Ans: Non-ferrous minerals are found in Rajasthan.

Q8: In which form minerals are found ?
Ans: Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest talc.

Q9: Which is an important mineral for the industries ?
Ans: Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development. India is endowed with fairly abundant resources of iron ore.

Q10: Which are the major iron ore belts in India ?
Ans: The major iron ore belts in India are -
(i) Odisha-Jharkhand belt,
(ii) Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt,
(iii) Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru and
(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt.

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Q1: Describe any three characteristics of ‘Odisha-Jharkhand belt’ of iron ore in India.
Ans: The Odisha-Jharkhand Belt has the following characteristics :
(i) Odisha is rich in hematite ore of high grade.
(ii) Hematite ore is found in the Badampahar mines, which are located in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts.
(iii) Hematite iron ore is also found in the Gua and Noamundi mines, which are located in the Singbhum district of Jharkhand. 

Q2: Which is the next major energy source in India after coal and why ? Name its most important its source in India ?
Ans: Petroleum or mineral oil is the next major energy source in India after coal. It provides fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a number of manufacturing industries. Petroleum refineries act as a 'nodal industry' for synthetic textile, fertiliser and numerous chemical industries.
Mumbai High is the most important oil field of India which produces two-thirds of India's petroleum. Other oil fields are Ankeleshwar in Gujarat and Digboi, Naharkatiya, Moran-Hugrijan in Assam. 

Q3: How is coal important to industries ?
Ans: Coal is an important resource for industries :
(i) It is an indispensable raw material for iron and steel.
(ii) It is also a raw material for chemical industries and synthetic textile industries.
(iii) Many coal based products are processed in industries e.g., coal tar, graphite, soft coke, etc.
(iv) Power generation industry is mainly based on this fossil fuel. 

Q4: What are the different types of coal ?
Ans: The different types of coal are :
(i) Anthracite
(ii) Bituminous
(iii) Lignite
(iv) Peat 

Q5: What are the two main ways of generating electricity ?
Ans: Electricity has such a wide range of application in today's world that its precipitate consumption is considered as an index of development. Electricity is generated mainly in two ways : by running water which drives hydroturbines to generate hydroelectricity; and by burning other fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas to drive turbines to produce thermal power. 

Q6: Why heavy industries and thermal power stations should be located on or near the coal fields ?
Ans: In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It provides a substantial part of the nation's energy needs. It is used for power generation, to supply energy to industry, as well as for domestic needs. India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements. Coal is formed due to the compression of plant material over millions of years. Coal is therefore found in a variety of forms. It is a bulky material, which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ashes. Hence, heavy industries and thermal power stations should be located on or near the coal fields. 

Q7: India now ranks as a “wind super power” in the world. Explain.
Ans: India is blessed with an abundance of sunlight, water, wind and biomass. It has the largest programmes for the development of these renewable energy resources. The largest wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu from Nagarcoil to Madurai. Apart from this region, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra and Lakshyadweep have important wind farms. Nagarcoil and Jaisalmer are also well known for effective use of wind energy in the country. Therefore, India now ranks as a 'wind super power; in the world.

Q8: Write about the formation of tidal energy.
Ans: To generate tidal energy oceanic tides are used. Floodgates dams are built across inlets. During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is  closed. After the tide falls outside the floodgate, the water retained by the floodgate flows back to the sea via pipes that carries it through a power-generating turbine. 

Q9: Explain with an example that aluminum was widely used by the emperors of France.
Ans: After the discovery of aluminium, it was widely used by the emporors of France.
i. Emperor Napoleon III wore buttons and hooks on his clothes made of aluminium.
ii. Food was served to his more illustrious guests in aluminium utensils and the less honorable ones were served in gold and silver utensils.
iii. Thirty years after this incident aluminium bowls were most common with the beggars in Paris.

Q10: Why should we use renewable energy resource? Explain with arguments.
Ans:  In the present circumstances particularly in India there is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources because :
1. Non-renewable resources are limited and will get exhausted in few decades, thus there is a need to use inexhaustible energy resources such as solar power, for sustainable development.
2. There has been a rapid depletion of nonrenewable resources like coal, gasoline, petroleum that took millions of years to form. Thus, it makes immense sense to use renewable nonpolluting energy resources.
3. Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum products etc., create pollution which has resulted in environmental degradation making clean energy an urgent requirement.
4. Newer sources of fossil fuels are becoming more and more difficult to find hence they have become more expensive. Thus, it again points to adaptation to renewable energy sources like solar, geothermal wind energy etc.

Long Questions Answers
Q1: How is iron ore distributed in India?
Ans: (i) Odisha Jharkhand belt : In Odisha, high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. In the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand, hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
(ii) Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt : It lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Very high grade hematites are found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. The ranges of hills comprise 14 deposits of super high grade hematite iron ore. It has the best physical properties needed for steel making.
(iii) Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt : Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore. The Kudremukh mines located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100 per cent export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world.
(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt : It includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are efficiently exploited. 

Q2: What is Geothermal energy ?
Ans: Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the Earth. Geothermal energy exists because; the Earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth. Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths. Groundwater in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot. It is so hot that when it rises to the earth's surface, it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity. There are several hundred hot springs in India, which could be used to generate electricity. Two experimental projects have been set up in India to harness geothermal energy. One is located in the Parvati valley near Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh and the other is located in the Puga valley, Ladakh. 

Q3: What are the benefits of using non-conventional sources of energy ? What sense of duty it promotes ?
Ans: The benefits of using non-conventional sources of energy are enumerated as follows :
(i) Reduces pollution.
(ii) Reduces burden on conventional sources.
(iii) Environmental friendly.
It promotes the following sense of duties :
(i) Concern for future generation.
(ii) Thoughtfulness about resources.
(iii) Lends hand to sustainable development.

Q4: We use different things in our daily life made from metal. List a number of 10 items used in your house made of metals.
Ans: Ten items used in a household which are made of metals are :
(i) Gas stove
(ii) Lighter
(iii) Television
(iv) Fridge
(v) Mixer grinder
(vi) Iron
(vii) Juicer
(viii) Utensils
(ix) Almirah
(x) Washing machine

Q5: What are the different forms of coal ? Which is the highest quality coal ?
Ans: In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It provides a substantial part of the nation's energy needs.
Different forms of coal are :
(i) Peat : Decaying plants in swamps produce peat which has a low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity.
(ii) Lignite : It is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for the generation of electricity.
(iii) Bituminous : Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperature is bituminous coal. It is the most popular coal in commercial use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has a special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces.
(iv) Anthracite : It is the highest quality hard coal and contains 80% of carbon. 

Q6: ‘Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving’. Suggest and explain any three measures to solve this burning problem.
Ans: Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. The strategy of economic development that India adopted since Independence necessarily required increasing amount of energy consumption. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been rising. To take care of this concern various measures that need to be adopted are as follows :
(i) We need to increase the use of renewable energy resources like solar, wind power, biogas, tidal energy and geothermal energy. This will decrease the dependence on non-renewable energy resources.
(ii) We have to adopt a cautious approach for judicious use of our limited energy resources. For example, as a concerned citizen, we can use public transport system in place of individual vehicle.
(iii) Another measure that needs to be adopted is promotion of energy conservation, e.g., switching off electrical devices when not in use, using power saving devices. 

Q7: Explain any five points of significance of bio-gas generation in the rural areas of India.
Ans: (i) Biogas is produced from shrubs, farm waste, animal and human wastes. It is mostly used for domestic consumption in rural areas.
(ii) Decomposition of organic matter yields gas, which has higher thermal efficiency in comparison to kerosene, dung cake and charcoal.
(iii) Biogas plants are set up at municipal, cooperative and individual levels. Biogas plants using cattle dung are known as Gobar gas plants in rural India.
(iv) These provide twin benefits to the farmer in the form of energy and improved quality of manure.
(v) Biogas makes the most efficient use of cattle dung.
(vi) It prevents the loss of trees and manure due to burning of fuel wood and cow dung cakes. 

Q8: Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India.
Ans:  Importance of Petroleum are as follows :
(i) Petroleum is the major energy source in India.
(ii) It provides fuel for heat and lighting.
(iii) It provides lubricant for machinery.
(iv) It provides raw material for a number of manufacturing industries.
(v) Petroleum refineries act as core industry for synthetic, textile, fertilizer and chemical industries. Availability :
(i) Most of the petroleum reserves in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps.
(ii) In regions of folding anticline or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crust of the upfold.
(iii) Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous and non-porous rocks. 

Q9: “Minerals are unevenly distributed in India.” Support the statement with examples.
Ans: (I) India is fortunate to have fairly rich and varied mineral resources. However, they are unevenly distributed.
(II) Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and many other one metallic minerals.
(III) Sedimentary rocks on the Western and eastern flanks of peninsula, in Gujarat and assam have most of the petroleum deposits.
(IV) Rajasthan with the rock system of the peninsula has reserve of many now ferrous minerals.
(V) The vast alluvial plains of North India are almost devoid of economic minerals.

Q10: Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India.
Ans: Importance of petroleum:
(1)Petroleum is the major energy source in India.
(2) Provide fuel for heat and lightning.
(3) Provide lubricant for machinery.
(4) Provide raw material for a number of manufacturing industries.
(5) Petroleum refineries act as nodal industry for synthetic, textile, fertilizer and chemical industries.
Its occurrence:
1. Most of the petroleum occurrence in India are associated with Anticlines and fault traps.
2. In regions of folding, anticline or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the upfold.