Class 10 Economics Chapter 3 Question Answers - Understanding Economic Development

Q1: What is development?
Ans: It is a comprehensive term that includes an increase in real per capita income, improvement in the living standard of people, reduction in poverty, etc.

Q2: Mention any two developmental goals of a landless rural laborer.
Ans: (i) More days of work and better wages.
(ii) Quality education for his children.

Q3: Mention any two developmental goals of a girl.
Ans: (i) Gender equality
(ii) Girls empowerment

Q4: What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be destructive for others. Give one example.
Ans: The construction of a dam may be good for an industrialist as he will get more electricity but the construction of a dam submerges the land and disrupts the lives of people who are displaced.

Q5: Mention any two developmental goals of people other than income.
Ans: (i) Equal treatment (ii) Respect of others

Q6: Mention any two developmental goals of a rural woman.
Ans: (i) Dignity in the household.
(ii) A safe and secure environment.

Q7: What is National Development?
Ans: National development is a comprehensive term that includes improvement in living standards. of the people, increase in per capita income, and provide social amenities like education, medical care, social services, etc. to the citizens of the country.

Q8: Mention any two National Development goals of India.
Ans: (i) Corruption free society.
(ii) High per capita income.

Q9: Which is the most important attribute for national development?
Ans: National income or per capita income of the nation.

Q10: ‘For comparing countries, total income or national income is not a useful measure. Give reason.
Ans: Since countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn.

Q11: What is average income or per capita income?
Ans: When the total national income is divided by the total population, it is called the per capita income.
Per Capita Income = National Income / Population

Q12: What is the most important component for comparing different countries?
Ans: Per capita income.

Q13: Which criteria is used by the World Bank to classify different countries?
Ans: Per capita income.

Q14: Which countries have been categorized as rich countries according to the World Development Report?
Ans: Countries with a per capita income of US $ 12276 per annum and above in 2010 are called rich countries.

Q15: Which countries have been categorized as low-income countries according to World Development Report?
Ans: Countries with a per capita income of US $ 1005 or less are called low-income countries.

Q16: Under which category India has been placed by the World Bank Development Report?
Ans: Low middle-income countries as India’s per capita income is less than JUS $ 1005. or less.

Q17: What are developed countries according to the World Development Report?
Ans: All the countries excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries that have per capita income of US $ 12276 per annum or above have been termed as developed countries.

Q18: What is the Infant Mortality Rate?
Ans: It indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.

Q19: What is Literacy Rate?
Ans: It measures the proportion of the literate population in the seven and above age group.

Q20: What is the Net Attendance ratio?
Ans: It is the total number of children of the age group 6-10, attending school as a percentage of the total number of children in the same age group.