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Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Question Answers - Contemporary India - II

Q1: How is freshwater obtained
Ans: 
The freshwater is obtained from precipitation, surface run off and groundwater that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle.

Q2: What is hydrological cycle
Ans:
The continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of earth.

Q3: What is the importance of hydrological cycle
Ans:
The freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and groundwater that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle. All water moves within the hydrological cycle ensuring that water is renewable resource.

Q4: What is water scarcity [CBSE 2014]
Ans:
Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demand.

Q5: “The availability of water resources varies over space and time”. Give reasons.
Ans:
Water resources varies over space and time due to the variation in seasonal and annual precipitation.

Q6: What percentage of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans
Ans: 
96.5%

Q7: How much per cent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as fresh water
Ans:
2.5

Q8: What are the sources of fresh water?
Ans: 
Precipitation, surface run off and groundwater.

Q9: How is freshwater being renewed
Ans:
The freshwater is being renewed through the hydrological cycle.

Q10: Mention any two regions which are expected to face water shortage.
Ans:
(i) Regions having low rainfall
(ii) Regions which are drought prone.

Q11: What is a dam
Ans:
‘A dam’ is a barrier across the flowing water that obstructs dissects or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.

Q12: What is a multipurpose project
Ans:
A multipurpose project is that which fulfils a . variety of purposes at the same time, for example – irrigation, generation of electricity, flood control, fish breeding, soil conservation etc.

Q13: Who proclaimed dams as the temples of modem India
Ans:
Jawaharlal Nehru.

Q14: Why were the multipurpose river projects considered as temples of modem India by Jawaharlal Nehru
Ans:
These would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of the urban economy.

Q15: Name any two social movements which have been launched against the multipurpose projects.
Ans:
Narmada Bachao Andolan and ‘Tehri Dam’ Andolan.

Q16: What was considered as a viable alternative to the multipurpose projects and why [CBSE 2013]
Ans: 
The. disadvantages and rising resistance against the multipurpose projects, has lead us to conclude that water harvesting system is a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally.

Q17: Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops”. Mention its ecological consequence.
Ans: 
Salinisation of the soil

Q18: What was the primary reason for launching ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’
Ans: 
Narmada Bachao Andolan was launched due to the large scale displacement of local communities.

Q19: What is silt?
Ans: 
A fine soil which is formed in flood plains.

Q20: How people used to conserve or harvest water in hills and mountainous regions
Ans:
By building diversion channels like the ‘guts’ or ‘kuls’.

The document Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Question Answers - Contemporary India - II is a part of the Class 10 Course Social Studies (SST) Class 10.
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FAQs on Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Question Answers - Contemporary India - II

1. What are the main sources of water?
Ans. The main sources of water are rivers, lakes, ponds, underground water, and glaciers.
2. How is water distributed on Earth?
Ans. Water is distributed on Earth in the form of oceans, which cover about 71% of the planet's surface. The remaining water is found in rivers, lakes, glaciers, and underground water sources.
3. What is the importance of water resources?
Ans. Water resources are essential for various purposes such as drinking, agriculture, industrial use, and maintaining ecosystems. They play a crucial role in human survival and the overall development of societies.
4. How can water resources be conserved?
Ans. Water resources can be conserved by adopting various measures such as reducing water wastage, promoting rainwater harvesting, implementing efficient irrigation techniques, and raising awareness about water conservation among the masses.
5. What are the major challenges to water resources?
Ans. The major challenges to water resources include pollution, overexploitation, climate change, population growth, and inadequate water management practices. These challenges pose a threat to the availability and quality of water for various purposes.
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