Class 9 History Chapter 5 Question Answers - Pastoralists in the Modern World

Q1: What are bugyals?
Ans: Bugyals are vast natural pastures on the high mountains, above 12,000 feet. They are under snow in the winter and come to life after April. At this time, the entire mountainside is covered with a variety of grasses, roots, and herbs.

Q2: Who are Gujjar Bakarwals?
Ans: Gujjar Bakarwals are nomadic pastoralists and great herders of goats and sheep who live in the mountains of Jammu and Kashmir and move seasonally between summer and winter pastures.

Q3: Name the state inhabited by the Gaddi shepherds.
Ans: The Gaddi shepherds inhabit the state of Himachal Pradesh.

Q4: What are high meadows known as?
Ans: High meadows are known as bugyals (Dhar).

Q5: Name any two pastoral communities of the Himalayas.
Ans: The Bhotiyas, Sherpas, and Kinnauries are pastoral communities of the Himalayas.

Q6: In which state does the Dhangar pastoral community live?
Ans: The Dhangar pastoral community lives in Maharashtra.

Q7: Name any two mountain pastoralists.
Ans: The Gaddi shepherds and the Gujjar Bakarwals are mountain pastoralists.

Q8: Name the states where Banjaras can be found.
Ans: Banjaras can be found in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra.

Q9: Why did the Raikas combine cultivation with pastoralism?
Ans: The Raikas lived in the deserts of Rajasthan, where rainfall was poor and uncertain. Combining cultivation with pastoralism helped them secure their livelihood.

Q10: Which animal did the Maru Raikas herd?
Ans: The Maru Raikas herded camels.

Q11: What was the settlement of the Maru Raikas called?
Ans: The settlement of the Maru Raikas was called "dhandi."

Q12: Name two commercially valuable timbers grown in reserved forests.
Ans: Deodar and sal are two commercially valuable timbers grown in reserved forests.

Q13: Why did the colonial government want nomadic people to live in fixed places?
Ans: The colonial government wanted nomadic people to live in fixed places because a settled population was easier to identify, control, tax, and monitor through village administration.

Q14: Name the pastoral communities of Africa.
Ans: The pastoral communities of Africa include Bedouins, Berbers, Maasai, Somali, Boran, and Turkana.

Q15: Where do the Maasai cattle herders live?
Ans: The Maasai cattle herders primarily live in East Africa, in southern Kenya and Tanzania.

Q16: Who are the Maasai?
Ans: The Maasai are traditionally nomadic and pastoral people who depend on milk and meat for subsistence.

Q17: In pre-colonial times, Maasai society was divided into two social categories. Name them.
Ans: The two social categories were Elders and Warriors.

Q18: What did the warriors consist of? What was their duty?
Ans: The warriors consisted of younger people. Their duty was to protect the tribe, defend the community, and organise cattle raids.

Q19: How was raiding important in Maasai society?
Ans: Raiding was important because it asserted the power of pastoral groups and helped young men prove their manliness and gain recognition as warriors.

Q20: What do the Maasai warriors wear?
Ans: Maasai warriors wear traditional deep red shukas, brightly beaded Maasai jewellery, and carry five-foot, steel-topped spears.

Q21: Where is Serengeti Park located?
Ans: Serengeti Park is located in Tanzania.

Q22: Where is the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park located?
Ans: The Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park are located in Kenya.